--- rat/lonuserstate.pm	2017/09/03 18:52:23	1.153
+++ rat/lonuserstate.pm	2017/11/16 12:44:48	1.154
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # The LearningOnline Network with CAPA
 # Construct and maintain state and binary representation of course for user
 #
-# $Id: lonuserstate.pm,v 1.153 2017/09/03 18:52:23 raeburn Exp $
+# $Id: lonuserstate.pm,v 1.154 2017/11/16 12:44:48 raeburn Exp $
 #
 # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees
 #
@@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@ sub readmap {
     }
     @cond=('true:normal');
 
-    unless (open(LOCKFILE,">$fn.db.lock")) {
+    unless (open(LOCKFILE,">","$fn.db.lock")) {
 	# 
 	# Most likely a permissions problem on the lockfile or its directory.
 	#
@@ -1522,7 +1522,7 @@ sub build_tmp_hashes {
 # ---------------------------------------------------- Store away initial state
     {
         my $cfh;
-        if (open($cfh,">$fn.state")) {
+        if (open($cfh,">","$fn.state")) {
             print $cfh join("\n",@cond);
             $gotstate = 1;
         } else {
@@ -1559,7 +1559,7 @@ sub evalstate {
     if (-e $fn) {
 	my @conditions=();
 	{
-	    open(my $fh,"<$fn");
+	    open(my $fh,"<",$fn);
 	    @conditions=<$fh>;
             close($fh);
 	}