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Corrected the tutorial.
"Max Number of Shown Foils" now correctly says to give the number of foils a student wishes to see. Creating and viewing content pages section fixed.

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   27: \quotes_times 2
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   29: \papersides 1
   30: \paperpagestyle headings
   31: 
   32: \layout Title
   33: 
   34: Learning 
   35: \emph on 
   36: Online
   37: \emph default 
   38:  Network with CAPA
   39: \newline 
   40: 
   41: \emph on 
   42: \SpecialChar ~
   43: 
   44: \newline 
   45: 
   46: \size larger 
   47: Author's Tutorial And Manual
   48: \layout Standard
   49: \added_space_top vfill \align center 
   50: \SpecialChar ~
   51: 
   52: \layout Standard
   53: \align center 
   54: John Williamson, Felicia Berryman, Jeremy Bowers
   55: \layout Standard
   56: 
   57: \SpecialChar ~
   58:  
   59: \layout Standard
   60: \pagebreak_bottom \align center 
   61: Laboratory for Instructional Technology in Education
   62: \newline 
   63: and the
   64: \newline 
   65: Office of Medical Education Research and Development
   66: \newline 
   67: Michigan State University
   68: \newline 
   69: 
   70: \layout Standard
   71: \pagebreak_bottom 
   72: 
   73: \begin_inset LatexCommand \tableofcontents{}
   74: 
   75: \end_inset 
   76: 
   77: 
   78: \layout Section
   79: 
   80: Introduction to LON-CAPA
   81: \layout Comment
   82: 
   83: This is a comment that will not show in any other rendering of this document.
   84:  I will use them to document my observations as I work through this tutorial.
   85: \layout Comment
   86: 
   87: Imagine a big 
   88: \begin_inset Quotes eld
   89: \end_inset 
   90: 
   91: IMHO
   92: \begin_inset Quotes erd
   93: \end_inset 
   94: 
   95:  on all of these comments; I'm just going to give you my comments straight
   96:  out.
   97:  I'm not attached to them and won't be offended by anything you say or do
   98:  about them.
   99: \layout Standard
  100: 
  101: LON-CAPA is a web-based interface that helps to organize and present your
  102:  course website, deliver and manage problems, and manage student enrollment.
  103:  All author functions are done through a web browser (Netscape 4.x or higher,
  104:  a recent Mozilla, or IE 5+ required).
  105: \layout Standard
  106: 
  107: At this time, you should have:
  108: \layout Itemize
  109: 
  110: developed your objectives for your course.
  111:  
  112: \layout Itemize
  113: 
  114: developed your problems for input into LON-CAPA and determined the appropriate
  115:  question formats.
  116: \layout Subsection
  117: 
  118: About This Manual
  119: \layout Standard
  120: 
  121: Throughout this manual, keywords and phrases literally present on the computer
  122:  screen will be referred to in 
  123: \series bold 
  124: bold type
  125: \series default 
  126: .
  127:  Function names and scripts will be shown in a 
  128: \family typewriter 
  129: typewriter font
  130: \family default 
  131: .
  132: \layout Standard
  133: 
  134: Much of this document can be used as a tutorial that will introduce you
  135:  to the authoring system.
  136:  In particular, chapters 
  137: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Author Interface}
  138: 
  139: \end_inset 
  140: 
  141:  through 
  142: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a Course}
  143: 
  144: \end_inset 
  145: 
  146:  comprise a basic tutorial that can get you started using LON-CAPA, even
  147:  with no previous LON-CAPA experience.
  148: \layout Standard
  149: 
  150: For additional help, visit our FAQ at 
  151: \family typewriter 
  152: http://help.loncapa.org/
  153: \family default 
  154: .
  155: \layout Section
  156: 
  157: The LON-CAPA Author Interface
  158: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Author Interface}
  159: 
  160: \end_inset 
  161: 
  162: 
  163: \layout Subsection
  164: 
  165: Login as Course Author
  166: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Course Author}
  167: 
  168: \end_inset 
  169: 
  170: 
  171: \layout Standard
  172: 
  173: To begin using LON-CAPA, you first need to log in to your account on LON-CAPA.
  174:  Open your web browser and navigate to your local LON-CAPA URL.
  175:  You will be presented with a log in screen as in figure 
  176: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{LON-CAPA Log in screen}
  177: 
  178: \end_inset 
  179: 
  180: .
  181:  
  182: \begin_float fig 
  183: \layout Standard
  184: \align center 
  185: 
  186: \begin_inset Figure size 297 234
  187: file login.eps
  188: width 3 50
  189: flags 11
  190: 
  191: \end_inset 
  192: 
  193: 
  194: \layout Caption
  195: 
  196: 
  197: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{LON-CAPA Log in screen}
  198: 
  199: \end_inset 
  200: 
  201: LON-CAPA Log in screen 
  202: \end_float 
  203: \layout Standard
  204: 
  205: Fill in the Username and Password boxes with your information.
  206:  Then press the Login button.
  207:  This will take you to your LON-CAPA User Roles menu.
  208: \layout Description
  209: 
  210: Note: Your Username and Password will be given to you by your system administrat
  211: or.
  212:  Both are case sensitive, so make sure you type them with the correct case.
  213: \layout Subsection
  214: 
  215: 
  216: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Author Remote Control}
  217: 
  218: \end_inset 
  219: 
  220: Author Remote Control
  221: \layout Comment
  222: 
  223: Comment on the remote controls: I'll only mention this once, but imagine
  224:  this comment exists everywhere a remote control image is used.
  225:  The whole 
  226: \begin_inset Quotes eld
  227: \end_inset 
  228: 
  229: remote control
  230: \begin_inset Quotes erd
  231: \end_inset 
  232: 
  233:  metaphor is fundamentally flawed and probably can't be salvaged.
  234:  Why is it flawed?
  235: \layout Comment
  236: 
  237: \SpecialChar ~
  238: 
  239: \layout Comment
  240: 
  241: 1.
  242:  The remote control invokes a metaphor, that of remote controls.
  243:  However, remote controls are useful in the real world, despite the overwhelming
  244:  complexity of modern remotes, for three major reasons: One, they never,
  245:  ever, ever change.
  246:  Two, they provide immense amounts of tactile feedback, allowing one to
  247:  overcome the complexity of using one by putting the knowledge into motor
  248:  memory.
  249:  (There are equivalent usability principles in usability, as well; look
  250:  up Fitt's Law, for instance.) Three, they all basically do the same thing;
  251:  pick up an unfamiliar TV control and you at least know in advance there
  252:  will be numbers for channel changing, vol up and down, chan up and down,
  253:  mute, etc.
  254:  The remotes used in this system do not have any of these properties.
  255:  Remotes are actually horrid UI, because they are very, very difficult to
  256:  learn; they make up for it by being useful and persistent.
  257: \layout Comment
  258: 
  259: Further, remotes should *do* things.
  260:  This remote is like a remote that no matter what button you push, it invokes
  261:  a menu.
  262:  Most remotes have 
  263: \series bold 
  264: one
  265: \series default 
  266:  explicit 
  267: \begin_inset Quotes eld
  268: \end_inset 
  269: 
  270: menu
  271: \begin_inset Quotes erd
  272: \end_inset 
  273: 
  274:  button to invoke a menu that has all the feature that aren't worth valuable
  275:  remote control space.
  276: \layout Comment
  277: 
  278: In fact, the metaphor is so unsuccessful that any moderately savvy Internet
  279:  user will almost immediately come to conceptualize the remote as just another
  280:  list of links, albeit a clumsy and inconvenient one.
  281:  Why not give them that in the first place?
  282: \layout Comment
  283: 
  284: \SpecialChar ~
  285: 
  286: \layout Comment
  287: 
  288: 2.
  289:  Even the simplest 
  290: \begin_inset Quotes eld
  291: \end_inset 
  292: 
  293: remote
  294: \begin_inset Quotes erd
  295: \end_inset 
  296: 
  297:  I see in the tutorial has eight buttons, which nearly immediately becomes
  298:  seventeen (!) buttons, all incomprehensible, and I didn't get a chance
  299:  to count during the interview, but I saw a remote flash by (student remote?
  300:  admin remote? that wouldn't matter as much) that had at least twenty, probably
  301:  24 buttons, again, all or nearly all incomprehensible.
  302:  This is needlessly intimidating.
  303: \layout Comment
  304: 
  305: \SpecialChar ~
  306: 
  307: \layout Comment
  308: 
  309: 3.
  310:  By committing to this 
  311: \begin_inset Quotes eld
  312: \end_inset 
  313: 
  314: remote control
  315: \begin_inset Quotes erd
  316: \end_inset 
  317: 
  318:  layout, you commit to a remote control's layout limitations, except that
  319:  an actual remote control can get away with a 6pt or smaller font, or weird
  320:  specialized symbols, or whatnot.
  321:  I'm looking at a (real) remote control right now that manages to get 
  322: \begin_inset Quotes eld
  323: \end_inset 
  324: 
  325: channel return
  326: \begin_inset Quotes erd
  327: \end_inset 
  328: 
  329:  onto one button.
  330:  That whole phrase fits *twice* into the space the 
  331: \begin_inset Quotes eld
  332: \end_inset 
  333: 
  334: ROLES
  335: \begin_inset Quotes erd
  336: \end_inset 
  337: 
  338:  button takes up on my printout! So in actuality, you're committing to something
  339:  no sane remote control designer could deal with.
  340: \layout Comment
  341: 
  342: \SpecialChar ~
  343: 
  344: \layout Comment
  345: 
  346: 4.
  347:  Requiring the user to mouse over something to see what it does is not a
  348:  solution.
  349:  Limiting yourself to an 8 by 2 array of characters to explain yourself
  350:  compounds the problem even more.
  351:  (Another over-literal extension of the remote control metaphor.) Also, as
  352:  you may have observed, the accessibility of this is nil.
  353:  
  354: \layout Comment
  355: 
  356: \SpecialChar ~
  357: 
  358: \layout Comment
  359: 
  360: The upshot is that the only upside to the remote control is a moderately
  361:  pleasing graphic; the downsides are pretty much everything, up to and including
  362:  possible illegality under accessibility laws.
  363:  Unfortunately, I do not see any way to salvage any aspect of the remote
  364:  control; it's going to suck until it's replaced.
  365:  Pleasing graphics are relatively easy to come by nowadays; it should not
  366:  drive the design.
  367:  I'll admit (freely!) I'm not a graphics designer...
  368:  graphics designers aren't web developers (designers), either.
  369: \layout Comment
  370: 
  371: \SpecialChar ~
  372: 
  373: \layout Comment
  374: 
  375: We're data-mining the web logs to see what people actually use.
  376:  This is good.
  377:  We may need to do some really simple stuff before he finishes.
  378:  Raw statistics on what buttons are pressed most often can probably be interpret
  379: ed easily enough for our purposes.
  380:  No matter what the final design is, it should emphasize the two or three
  381:  commands used day in and day out, as determined by empirical analysis,
  382:  and shuffle the other commands onto another sub menu or sub menus.
  383:  Then, use the additional space you'll have (even if you keep the same size
  384:  window) and actually *spell out* the options.
  385:  
  386: \layout Standard
  387: 
  388: The Author Remote Control, show in figure 
  389: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Author Remote Control Figure}
  390: 
  391: \end_inset 
  392: 
  393: , will automatically load whenever you log in to LON-CAPA as the course
  394:  instructor.
  395:  The Author Remote Control is a separate window in your browser, and is
  396:  automatically sized and placed in the upper left of the screen.
  397:  The Remote Control is a tool that allows you to switch between functions
  398:  and roles within LON-CAPA.
  399:  
  400: \begin_float fig 
  401: \layout Standard
  402: \align center 
  403: 
  404: \begin_inset Figure size 180 420
  405: file authorRemote.eps
  406: height 3 50
  407: flags 9
  408: 
  409: \end_inset 
  410: 
  411: 
  412: \layout Caption
  413: 
  414: Author Remote Control
  415: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Author Remote Control Figure}
  416: 
  417: \end_inset 
  418: 
  419: 
  420: \end_float 
  421: \layout Comment
  422: 
  423: Of the eight choices on this menu, only two (ROLES and LOGOUT) make *any*
  424:  sort of sense on a first glance.
  425:  Abbreviations are evil in this sort of application and should be used as
  426:  a truly last resort.
  427: \layout Standard
  428: 
  429: When you move your mouse over the buttons in the remote, the sixteen gray
  430:  boxes will show a reminder of what that button does.
  431: \layout Itemize
  432: 
  433: 
  434: \series bold 
  435: ROLES (CHOOSE ROLE)
  436: \series default 
  437:  allows you to select which user role to assume for this session.
  438: \layout Itemize
  439: 
  440: 
  441: \series bold 
  442: COM (COMMUNICATION)
  443: \series default 
  444:  allows you to access the communication functions in the system.
  445: \layout Itemize
  446: 
  447: 
  448: \series bold 
  449: CUSR (USER ROLES)
  450: \series default 
  451:  brings up a page that allows you to create new users and change user privileges.
  452: \layout Itemize
  453: 
  454: 
  455: \series bold 
  456: CSTR (CONSTRUCT)
  457: \series default 
  458:  displays the construction space for your account.
  459: \layout Itemize
  460: 
  461: 
  462: \series bold 
  463: RES (RESOURCE SPACE)
  464: \series default 
  465:  allows you to browse the LON-CAPA network directory.
  466: \layout Itemize
  467: 
  468: 
  469: \series bold 
  470: SRC (SEARCH LIBRARY)
  471: \series default 
  472:  brings up a screen that lets you search the LON-CAPA resources using multiple
  473:  criteria.
  474: \layout Itemize
  475: 
  476: 
  477: \series bold 
  478: PREF (PREFERENCES)
  479: \series default 
  480:  brings up a screen that allows you to change some preferences.
  481: \layout Itemize
  482: 
  483: 
  484: \series bold 
  485: EXIT (LOGOUT)
  486: \series default 
  487:  will log you out of the LON-CAPA system.
  488: \layout Section
  489: 
  490: Creating Content Using LON-CAPA
  491: \layout Standard
  492: 
  493: LON-CAPA provides three types of resources for organizing your course website.
  494:  LON-CAPA refers to these resources as Content Pages, Problems, and Maps.
  495:  Maps may be either of two types: Sequences or Pages.
  496:  You will use these LON-CAPA resources to build the outline, or structure,
  497:  for the presentation of your course to your students.
  498: \layout Itemize
  499: 
  500: A 
  501: \series bold 
  502: Content Page
  503: \series default 
  504: 
  505: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Content Page}
  506: 
  507: \end_inset 
  508: 
  509:  displays course content.
  510:  It is essentially a conventional HTML page.
  511:  These resources use the extension 
  512: \begin_inset Quotes eld
  513: \end_inset 
  514: 
  515: .html
  516: \begin_inset Quotes erd
  517: \end_inset 
  518: 
  519: .
  520: \layout Itemize
  521: 
  522: A 
  523: \series bold 
  524: Problem
  525: \series default 
  526: 
  527: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Problem}
  528: 
  529: \end_inset 
  530: 
  531:  resource represents problems for the students to solve, with answers stored
  532:  in the system.
  533:  These resources are stored in files that must use the extension 
  534: \begin_inset Quotes eld
  535: \end_inset 
  536: 
  537: .problem
  538: \begin_inset Quotes erd
  539: \end_inset 
  540: 
  541: .
  542: \layout Itemize
  543: 
  544: A 
  545: \series bold 
  546: Sequence
  547: \series default 
  548: 
  549: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Sequence}
  550: 
  551: \end_inset 
  552: 
  553:  is a type of 
  554: \series bold 
  555: Map
  556: \series default 
  557: 
  558: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Map}
  559: 
  560: \end_inset 
  561: 
  562:  which is used to link other resources together.
  563:  The users of this resource can use directional buttons on their remote
  564:  or the NAV button to follow the sequence.
  565:  Sequences are stored in files that must use the extension 
  566: \begin_inset Quotes eld
  567: \end_inset 
  568: 
  569: .sequence
  570: \begin_inset Quotes erd
  571: \end_inset 
  572: 
  573: .
  574:  Sequences can contain other sequences and pages.
  575: \layout Itemize
  576: 
  577: A 
  578: \series bold 
  579: Page
  580: \series default 
  581: 
  582: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Page}
  583: 
  584: \end_inset 
  585: 
  586:  is a type of 
  587: \series bold 
  588: Map
  589: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Map}
  590: 
  591: \end_inset 
  592: 
  593: 
  594: \series default 
  595:  which is used to join other resources together into one HTML page.
  596:  For example, a page of problems will appears as a problem set.
  597:  These resources are stored in files that must use the extension 
  598: \begin_inset Quotes eld
  599: \end_inset 
  600: 
  601: .page
  602: \begin_inset Quotes erd
  603: \end_inset 
  604: 
  605: .
  606: \layout Subsection
  607: 
  608: Description of the Construction Space
  609: \layout Standard
  610: 
  611: \begin_float fig 
  612: \layout Standard
  613: \align center 
  614: 
  615: \begin_inset Figure size 476 42
  616: file constructionSpace.eps
  617: width 3 80
  618: flags 9
  619: 
  620: \end_inset 
  621: 
  622: 
  623: \layout Caption
  624: 
  625: Construction Space
  626: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Construction Space Figure}
  627: 
  628: \end_inset 
  629: 
  630: 
  631: \layout Standard
  632: 
  633: Contents of the Construction Space:
  634: \layout Standard
  635: 
  636: 
  637: \begin_inset  Tabular
  638: <lyxtabular version="2" rows="10" columns="2">
  639: <features rotate="false" islongtable="false" endhead="0" endfirsthead="0" endfoot="0" endlastfoot="0">
  640: <column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="false" width="" special="">
  641: <column alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="5in" special="">
  642: <row topline="true" bottomline="true" newpage="false">
  643: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="false" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
  644: \begin_inset Text
  645: 
  646: \layout Standard
  647: 
  648: 
  649: \series bold 
  650: Button Name
  651: \end_inset 
  652: </cell>
  653: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="true" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
  654: \begin_inset Text
  655: 
  656: \layout Standard
  657: 
  658: 
  659: \series bold 
  660: Description
  661: \end_inset 
  662: </cell>
  663: </row>
  664: <row topline="true" bottomline="false" newpage="false">
  665: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="false" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
  666: \begin_inset Text
  667: 
  668: \layout Standard
  669: 
  670: Publish this Resource
  671: \end_inset 
  672: </cell>
  673: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="true" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
  674: \begin_inset Text
  675: 
  676: \layout Standard
  677: 
  678: Opens the Resource Publishing window.
  679: \end_inset 
  680: </cell>
  681: </row>
  682: <row topline="true" bottomline="false" newpage="false">
  683: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="false" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
  684: \begin_inset Text
  685: 
  686: \layout Standard
  687: 
  688: List Directory
  689: \end_inset 
  690: </cell>
  691: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="true" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
  692: \begin_inset Text
  693: 
  694: \layout Standard
  695: 
  696: Lists the contents of the current working directory
  697: \end_inset 
  698: </cell>
  699: </row>
  700: <row topline="true" bottomline="false" newpage="false">
  701: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="false" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
  702: \begin_inset Text
  703: 
  704: \layout Standard
  705: 
  706: Copy
  707: \end_inset 
  708: </cell>
  709: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="true" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
  710: \begin_inset Text
  711: 
  712: \layout Standard
  713: 
  714: Type a new name in the entry box to make a copy the current resource
  715: \end_inset 
  716: </cell>
  717: </row>
  718: <row topline="true" bottomline="false" newpage="false">
  719: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="false" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
  720: \begin_inset Text
  721: 
  722: \layout Standard
  723: 
  724: Browse
  725: \end_inset 
  726: </cell>
  727: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="true" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
  728: \begin_inset Text
  729: 
  730: \layout Standard
  731: 
  732: Helps you select a file to upload
  733: \end_inset 
  734: </cell>
  735: </row>
  736: <row topline="true" bottomline="false" newpage="false">
  737: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="false" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
  738: \begin_inset Text
  739: 
  740: \layout Standard
  741: 
  742: Upload File
  743: \end_inset 
  744: </cell>
  745: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="true" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
  746: \begin_inset Text
  747: 
  748: \layout Standard
  749: 
  750: Uploads the selected file to your Construction Space
  751: \end_inset 
  752: </cell>
  753: </row>
  754: <row topline="true" bottomline="false" newpage="false">
  755: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="false" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
  756: \begin_inset Text
  757: 
  758: \layout Standard
  759: 
  760: Retrieve Old Version
  761: \end_inset 
  762: </cell>
  763: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="true" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
  764: \begin_inset Text
  765: 
  766: \layout Standard
  767: 
  768: Load an older version of a resource if you have multiple versions
  769: \end_inset 
  770: </cell>
  771: </row>
  772: <row topline="true" bottomline="false" newpage="false">
  773: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="false" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
  774: \begin_inset Text
  775: 
  776: \layout Standard
  777: 
  778: Delete
  779: \end_inset 
  780: </cell>
  781: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="true" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
  782: \begin_inset Text
  783: 
  784: \layout Standard
  785: 
  786: Deletes the current resource
  787: \end_inset 
  788: </cell>
  789: </row>
  790: <row topline="true" bottomline="false" newpage="false">
  791: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="false" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
  792: \begin_inset Text
  793: 
  794: \layout Standard
  795: 
  796: Rename
  797: \end_inset 
  798: </cell>
  799: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="true" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
  800: \begin_inset Text
  801: 
  802: \layout Standard
  803: 
  804: Type a new name in the associated entry box to rename a resource
  805: \end_inset 
  806: </cell>
  807: </row>
  808: <row topline="true" bottomline="true" newpage="false">
  809: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="false" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
  810: \begin_inset Text
  811: 
  812: \layout Standard
  813: 
  814: New Subdirectory
  815: \end_inset 
  816: </cell>
  817: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="true" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
  818: \begin_inset Text
  819: 
  820: \layout Standard
  821: 
  822: Type a name in the entry box to create a new directory
  823: \end_inset 
  824: </cell>
  825: </row>
  826: </lyxtabular>
  827: 
  828: \end_inset 
  829: 
  830: 
  831: \end_float 
  832: The Construction Space, as seen in figure 
  833: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Construction Space Figure}
  834: 
  835: \end_inset 
  836: 
  837: , is the section of LON-CAPA where you create and manage your course resources.
  838:  The figure explains what each button does.
  839: \layout Subsection
  840: 
  841: How to Create New Content Pages
  842: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Creating New Content Pages}
  843: 
  844: \end_inset 
  845: 
  846: 
  847: \layout Standard
  848: 
  849: 
  850: \series bold 
  851: Content Pages
  852: \series default 
  853:  are HTML documents that display the course information you are presenting.
  854:  
  855: \layout Standard
  856: 
  857: Many users use tools such as Dreamweaver to create web pages.
  858:  To upload HTML files generated with such tools, you can use the 
  859: \series bold 
  860: Browse
  861: \series default 
  862:  button in the Construction Space, locate your HTML file, and use the 
  863: \series bold 
  864: Upload File
  865: \series default 
  866:  button to create a content page in LON-CAPA.
  867:  Remember to upload any graphics your generated web pages may have included.
  868: \layout Standard
  869: 
  870: To create new Content Pages, do the following:
  871: \layout Enumerate
  872: 
  873: Click the 
  874: \series bold 
  875: CSTR
  876: \series default 
  877:  button on the LON-CAPA remote.
  878:  Your web page will change to your Construction Space.
  879: \layout Enumerate
  880: 
  881: In the Location bar of your browser, type in the full URL of the new Content
  882:  Page.
  883:  Make sure the last part of the URL ends with 
  884: \begin_inset Quotes eld
  885: \end_inset 
  886: 
  887: .html
  888: \begin_inset Quotes erd
  889: \end_inset 
  890: 
  891: , for example, 
  892: \newline 
  893: 
  894: \emph on 
  895: http://www.s10.lite.msu.edu/priv/username/new_resource.html
  896: \emph default 
  897:  .
  898: \newline 
  899: Press the Return or Enter key.
  900: \layout Enumerate
  901: 
  902: Type the content into the editor, 
  903: \emph on 
  904: OR
  905: \emph default 
  906:  copy and paste HTML source code obtained through the use of some other
  907:  HTML authoring program into the editor.
  908: \layout Enumerate
  909: 
  910: Optionally, click the 
  911: \series bold 
  912: View
  913: \series default 
  914:  button to preview your Content Page.
  915: \layout Enumerate
  916: 
  917: Finally, click the 
  918: \series bold 
  919: Save this
  920: \series default 
  921:  button 
  922: \emph on 
  923: OR
  924: \emph default 
  925:  click the 
  926: \series bold 
  927: Save and then attempt to clean HTML
  928: \series default 
  929:  button.
  930: \layout Standard
  931: 
  932: Repeat this process as many times as necessary to create your Content Pages.
  933:  
  934: \layout Standard
  935: 
  936: If you're following this as a tutorial, create at least one content page,
  937:  which we'll use later as raw material.
  938: \begin_float footnote 
  939: \layout Standard
  940: 
  941: Visit the FAQ at 
  942: \family typewriter 
  943: http://help.lon-capa.org/
  944: \family default 
  945:  if you get 
  946: \begin_inset Quotes eld
  947: \end_inset 
  948: 
  949: unmatched tag
  950: \begin_inset Quotes erd
  951: \end_inset 
  952: 
  953:  warnings.
  954: \end_float 
  955: \layout Subsection
  956: 
  957: How to Edit Existing Content Pages
  958: \layout Standard
  959: 
  960: You may edit any Content Pages that have been created.
  961: \layout Standard
  962: 
  963: To edit Content Pages: 
  964: \layout Enumerate
  965: 
  966: Click the 
  967: \series bold 
  968: CSTR
  969: \series default 
  970:  button on the LON-CAPA Remote.
  971:  Your web page will change to your Construction Space.
  972: \layout Enumerate
  973: 
  974: Click on the link for the name of the Content Page to edit.
  975:  The Content Page editor will load and display the current edition of the
  976:  Content Page.
  977: \layout Enumerate
  978: 
  979: Press the 
  980: \series bold 
  981: Edit
  982: \series default 
  983:  button.
  984:  Edit the HTML code, or copy and paste HTML source code into the editor.
  985: \layout Enumerate
  986: 
  987: Finally, click the 
  988: \series bold 
  989: Save this
  990: \series default 
  991:  button 
  992: \emph on 
  993: OR
  994: \emph default 
  995:  click the 
  996: \series bold 
  997: Save and then attempt to clean HTML
  998: \series default 
  999:  button.
 1000:  If you do not do this, your work will not be saved.
 1001: \layout Standard
 1002: 
 1003: Once you've saved your page, you can click the 
 1004: \series bold 
 1005: View
 1006: \series default 
 1007:  button to preview your Content Page.
 1008: \layout Subsection
 1009: 
 1010: Creating Online Problems Using LON-CAPA
 1011: \layout Standard
 1012: 
 1013: If you're following this as a tutorial, go ahead and make one of each of
 1014:  these problem types now.
 1015:  We'll be using them later as raw material to assemble maps and sequences.
 1016: \layout Standard
 1017: 
 1018: While several problem types are listed here, in LON-CAPA, all problems are
 1019:  actually the same.
 1020:  All problems are written in XML, which can be obtained and edited with
 1021:  the 
 1022: \series bold 
 1023: EditXML
 1024: \series default 
 1025:  button you'll see.
 1026:  The problem types listed in this manual are actually just templates.
 1027:  As your knowledge advances, you may wish to play with the XML representation
 1028:  directly to see what you can do.
 1029: \layout Subsubsection
 1030: 
 1031: Problems Types
 1032: \layout Standard
 1033: 
 1034: In this manual we will cover five basic types of problems: Radio Response,
 1035:  Option Response, String Response, Numerical Response, and Formula Response.
 1036:  You will need to identify which types of problem you want to use and create
 1037:  appropriate questions for your course.
 1038: \layout Standard
 1039: 
 1040: The problem editor gives you a testing area where you can try your problems
 1041:  out, with several different randomizations by varying the 
 1042: \series bold 
 1043: Random Seed
 1044: \series default 
 1045: .
 1046:  If you answer a problem correctly and can no longer enter new answers,
 1047:  you can get the answer field back by hitting the 
 1048: \series bold 
 1049: Reset Submissions
 1050: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Reset Submissions}
 1051: 
 1052: \end_inset 
 1053: 
 1054: 
 1055: \series default 
 1056:  button.
 1057: \layout Subsubsection
 1058: 
 1059: Foils
 1060: \layout Standard
 1061: 
 1062: In the LON-CAPA system, a 
 1063: \series bold 
 1064: Foil
 1065: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Foil}
 1066: 
 1067: \end_inset 
 1068: 
 1069: 
 1070: \series default 
 1071:  is the statement after the drop-down box or radio button in a Radio Response
 1072:  or Option Response problem.
 1073:  Foils do not need to be text; they can be images or other resources.
 1074: \layout Subsubsection
 1075: 
 1076: Radio Response
 1077: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Radio Response}
 1078: 
 1079: \end_inset 
 1080: 
 1081:  Problems
 1082: \layout Standard
 1083: 
 1084: 
 1085: \series bold 
 1086: Radio Response
 1087: \series default 
 1088:  problems present a list of foils, with buttons in front.
 1089:  The student can select 
 1090: \emph on 
 1091: one
 1092: \emph default 
 1093:  of these statements by clicking the appropriate radio button.
 1094: \layout Subsubsection
 1095: 
 1096: Option Response
 1097: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Option Response}
 1098: 
 1099: \end_inset 
 1100: 
 1101:  Problems
 1102: \layout Standard
 1103: 
 1104: 
 1105: \series bold 
 1106: Option Response
 1107: \series default 
 1108:  problems present foils to the student with drop-down boxes.
 1109:  The student can select the matching choice for the foils from a list of
 1110:  choices.
 1111:  Optionally, the foils may be bundled into Concept Groups, and the system
 1112:  will select one foil from each displayed group to display to the student.
 1113:  For more details, see Create Option Response in section 
 1114: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Create Option Response Problem}
 1115: 
 1116: \end_inset 
 1117: 
 1118: .
 1119: \layout Subsubsection
 1120: 
 1121: String Response Problems
 1122: \layout Standard
 1123: 
 1124: 
 1125: \series bold 
 1126: 
 1127: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{String Response}
 1128: 
 1129: \end_inset 
 1130: 
 1131: String Response
 1132: \series default 
 1133:  problems are problems in which the student submits a string of characters
 1134:  for the answer.
 1135:  Examples of string response questions are vocabulary tests, short answer
 1136:  and entering chemical formulas.
 1137: \layout Standard
 1138: 
 1139: Note that it is easy to abuse String Response problems.
 1140:  For instance, consider the question 
 1141: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 1142: \end_inset 
 1143: 
 1144: Who wrote 'Huckleberry Finn'?
 1145: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 1146: \end_inset 
 1147: 
 1148:  If you tell the system the answer is 
 1149: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 1150: \end_inset 
 1151: 
 1152: Mark Twain
 1153: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 1154: \end_inset 
 1155: 
 1156: , and a student answers 
 1157: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 1158: \end_inset 
 1159: 
 1160: Twain
 1161: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 1162: \end_inset 
 1163: 
 1164: , the system will mark it wrong.
 1165:  If they answer 
 1166: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 1167: \end_inset 
 1168: 
 1169: Samuel Clements
 1170: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 1171: \end_inset 
 1172: 
 1173: , then the student will definitely get it wrong.
 1174:  There is some room for flexibility in the string processing, but it can
 1175:  be difficult to get it all right.
 1176:  Before you use a String Response problem, be sure you can easily characterize
 1177:  correct answers.
 1178: \layout Subsubsection
 1179: 
 1180: Numerical Response Problems
 1181: \layout Standard
 1182: 
 1183: 
 1184: \series bold 
 1185: Numerical Response
 1186: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Numerical Response}
 1187: 
 1188: \end_inset 
 1189: 
 1190: 
 1191: \series default 
 1192:  problems are answered by entering a number and (optionally) a unit, such
 1193:  as 2.5 m/s^2.
 1194:  Tolerance and required significant digits can be specified as well.
 1195: \layout Subsubsection
 1196: 
 1197: Formula Response Problems
 1198: \layout Standard
 1199: 
 1200: 
 1201: \series bold 
 1202: Formula Response
 1203: \series default 
 1204:  problems ask the student to type in a math formula for the answer.
 1205:  If the answer is 
 1206: \begin_inset Formula \( x^{2}-11 \)
 1207: \end_inset 
 1208: 
 1209: , the student can enter "x^2 - 11", "x*x - 11", "x^2 + 21 - 10", etc.
 1210:  Functions such as cos, sin, and exp are accepted as well as the operators
 1211:  (), +, -, *, and /.
 1212: \layout Subsection
 1213: 
 1214: Creating Radio Response Problems
 1215: \layout Standard
 1216: 
 1217: \begin_float fig 
 1218: \layout Standard
 1219: \align center 
 1220: 
 1221: \begin_inset Figure size 476 202
 1222: file creatingNewProblemResource.eps
 1223: width 3 80
 1224: flags 13
 1225: 
 1226: \end_inset 
 1227: 
 1228: 
 1229: \layout Caption
 1230: 
 1231: Creating A New Problem Resource
 1232: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Creating a new problem resource}
 1233: 
 1234: \end_inset 
 1235: 
 1236: 
 1237: \end_float 
 1238: To create a Radio Response
 1239: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Radio Response}
 1240: 
 1241: \end_inset 
 1242: 
 1243:  problem, create a new resource as described in section 
 1244: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}
 1245: 
 1246: \end_inset 
 1247: 
 1248: .
 1249:  This is a 
 1250: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 1251: \end_inset 
 1252: 
 1253: problem
 1254: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 1255: \end_inset 
 1256: 
 1257:  resource so the URL must end in 
 1258: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 1259: \end_inset 
 1260: 
 1261: .problem
 1262: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 1263: \end_inset 
 1264: 
 1265: .
 1266:  You should see a screen as in figure 
 1267: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}
 1268: 
 1269: \end_inset 
 1270: 
 1271: .
 1272: \begin_float fig 
 1273: \layout Standard
 1274: \align center 
 1275: 
 1276: \begin_inset Figure size 476 283
 1277: file radioResponse2.eps
 1278: width 3 80
 1279: flags 9
 1280: 
 1281: \end_inset 
 1282: 
 1283: 
 1284: \layout Caption
 1285: 
 1286: Radio Response Creation Form
 1287: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Radio Response Creation Form}
 1288: 
 1289: \end_inset 
 1290: 
 1291: 
 1292: \end_float 
 1293:  You will need to specify the question text and foil statements.
 1294: \layout Enumerate
 1295: 
 1296: In the drop-down option box as seen in figure 
 1297: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}
 1298: 
 1299: \end_inset 
 1300: 
 1301: , select 
 1302: \series bold 
 1303: Radio Response Problem
 1304: \series default 
 1305: , and click the 
 1306: \series bold 
 1307: New Problem
 1308: \series default 
 1309:  button.
 1310: \layout Enumerate
 1311: 
 1312: Click the 
 1313: \series bold 
 1314: Edit
 1315: \series default 
 1316:  button above the sample problem to enter edit mode.
 1317:  You should see an editing screen like figure 
 1318: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Radio Response Creation Form}
 1319: 
 1320: \end_inset 
 1321: 
 1322: .
 1323: \layout Enumerate
 1324: 
 1325: In the 
 1326: \series bold 
 1327: Text Block
 1328: \series default 
 1329:  at the top of the problem, remove the sample text and type the question
 1330:  for your problem.
 1331:  For example, 
 1332: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 1333: \end_inset 
 1334: 
 1335: What is two plus two?
 1336: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 1337: \end_inset 
 1338: 
 1339: 
 1340: \layout Enumerate
 1341: 
 1342: Locate the 
 1343: \series bold 
 1344: Response: One of N statements
 1345: \series default 
 1346:  element.
 1347:  In the 
 1348: \series bold 
 1349: Max Number of Shown Foils
 1350: \series default 
 1351:  text box, place the number of foils you wish to display to the student.
 1352: \layout Enumerate
 1353: 
 1354: Locate 
 1355: \series bold 
 1356: Foil 1
 1357: \series default 
 1358: .
 1359:  Remove the text that is in the text box and put the 
 1360: \emph on 
 1361: correct answer
 1362: \emph default 
 1363:  for the problem in the 
 1364: \series bold 
 1365: Text Block
 1366: \series default 
 1367: .
 1368:  For example, 
 1369: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 1370: \end_inset 
 1371: 
 1372: Four.
 1373: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 1374: \end_inset 
 1375: 
 1376:  Make sure this is set to 
 1377: \series bold 
 1378: true
 1379: \series default 
 1380:  in the 
 1381: \series bold 
 1382: Correct Option
 1383: \series default 
 1384:  field.
 1385: \layout Enumerate
 1386: 
 1387: Below it, you will see 
 1388: \series bold 
 1389: Foil 2
 1390: \series default 
 1391: .
 1392:  Remove the text in the text box and put an 
 1393: \emph on 
 1394: incorrect answer
 1395: \emph default 
 1396:  for the problem.
 1397:  For instance, 
 1398: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 1399: \end_inset 
 1400: 
 1401: Purple.
 1402: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 1403: \end_inset 
 1404: 
 1405:  Make sure this is set to 
 1406: \series bold 
 1407: false
 1408: \series default 
 1409:  in the 
 1410: \series bold 
 1411: Correct Option
 1412: \series default 
 1413:  field.
 1414: \layout Enumerate
 1415: 
 1416: Repeat the previous step until you've filled in all of the other incorrect
 1417:  answers you wish to offer the students.
 1418: \layout Enumerate
 1419: 
 1420: Once you've filled in all the incorrect answers, change the 
 1421: \series bold 
 1422: Correct Option
 1423: \series default 
 1424: s on the other foils to 
 1425: \series bold 
 1426: Unused
 1427: \series default 
 1428: .
 1429: \layout Enumerate
 1430: 
 1431: \begin_float fig 
 1432: \layout Standard
 1433: \align center 
 1434: 
 1435: \begin_inset Figure size 476 92
 1436: file radioResponseHint.eps
 1437: width 3 80
 1438: flags 9
 1439: 
 1440: \end_inset 
 1441: 
 1442: 
 1443: \layout Caption
 1444: 
 1445: Hint Element
 1446: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Radio Response Hint Element Figure}
 1447: 
 1448: \end_inset 
 1449: 
 1450: 
 1451: \end_float 
 1452: Scroll down to the Hint element, as shown in Figure 
 1453: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Radio Response Hint Element Figure}
 1454: 
 1455: \end_inset 
 1456: 
 1457: .
 1458:  Type some text that will help students when they answer incorrectly.
 1459:  You may delete the hint by selecting 
 1460: \series bold 
 1461: Yes
 1462: \series default 
 1463:  from the 
 1464: \series bold 
 1465: Delete
 1466: \series default 
 1467:  drop-down box.
 1468: \layout Enumerate
 1469: 
 1470: Click the 
 1471: \series bold 
 1472: Submit Changes
 1473: \series default 
 1474:  button located at the top of the frame.
 1475:  If you do not do this, none of your changes will be saved.
 1476: \layout Standard
 1477: 
 1478: The 
 1479: \series bold 
 1480: Correct Option
 1481: \series default 
 1482:  drop down box controls whether or not a given answer will be accepted as
 1483:  a correct answer.
 1484:  If it is set to 
 1485: \series bold 
 1486: true
 1487: \series default 
 1488: , that answer will be considered a correct answer.
 1489:  Any number of foils can be marked 
 1490: \series bold 
 1491: true
 1492: \series default 
 1493: , but only one will be shown to any given student.
 1494:  If it is set to 
 1495: \series bold 
 1496: false
 1497: \series default 
 1498: , it will be considered an incorrect answer.
 1499:  If it is set to 
 1500: \series bold 
 1501: Unused
 1502: \series default 
 1503: , the system will not use that foil.
 1504: \layout Paragraph
 1505: 
 1506: Randomization
 1507: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Randomization}
 1508: 
 1509: \end_inset 
 1510: 
 1511: 
 1512: \layout Standard
 1513: 
 1514: LON-CAPA will randomize what choices are presented to each student, and
 1515:  randomize the order they are presented in.
 1516:  If you wish to present each student the same choices, make sure the 
 1517: \series bold 
 1518: Maximum Number of Shown Foils
 1519: \series default 
 1520:  box contains the number of incorrect answers, which will force them to
 1521:  all be displayed.
 1522:  If you wish to force the system to display the foils in the order you have
 1523:  created them in, type the tag 
 1524: \series bold 
 1525: <norandom />
 1526: \series default 
 1527:  into your problem text.
 1528:  This can be useful with the ever-popular 
 1529: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 1530: \end_inset 
 1531: 
 1532: All of the above
 1533: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 1534: \end_inset 
 1535: 
 1536:  choice, which must be displayed in the correct place or its meaning will
 1537:  change.
 1538: \layout Subsection
 1539: 
 1540: Option Response
 1541: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Option Response}
 1542: 
 1543: \end_inset 
 1544: 
 1545: 
 1546: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Create Option Response Problem}
 1547: 
 1548: \end_inset 
 1549: 
 1550:  Problems
 1551: \layout Subsubsection
 1552: 
 1553: Option Response problems with Concept Groups
 1554: \layout Standard
 1555: 
 1556: \begin_float fig 
 1557: \layout Standard
 1558: \align center 
 1559: 
 1560: \begin_inset Figure size 476 134
 1561: file optionResponseProblem.eps
 1562: width 3 80
 1563: flags 9
 1564: 
 1565: \end_inset 
 1566: 
 1567: 
 1568: \layout Caption
 1569: 
 1570: Option Response Problem
 1571: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Option Response Problem Figure}
 1572: 
 1573: \end_inset 
 1574: 
 1575: 
 1576: \end_float 
 1577: Each Option Response problem can have three parts:
 1578: \layout Enumerate
 1579: 
 1580: The Concept Groups
 1581: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Concept Groups}
 1582: 
 1583: \end_inset 
 1584: 
 1585: 
 1586: \layout Enumerate
 1587: 
 1588: The options for the students to select, by default 
 1589: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 1590: \end_inset 
 1591: 
 1592: True
 1593: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 1594: \end_inset 
 1595: 
 1596:  and 
 1597: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 1598: \end_inset 
 1599: 
 1600: False
 1601: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 1602: \end_inset 
 1603: 
 1604: 
 1605: \layout Enumerate
 1606: 
 1607: The hint for the student
 1608: \layout Standard
 1609: 
 1610: Each 
 1611: \series bold 
 1612: Concept Group
 1613: \series default 
 1614:  has some number of foils representing questions which are conceptually
 1615:  related.
 1616:  Option Response Problem Templates are available for 4 and 8 Concept Groups.
 1617:  When the Option Response problem is presented to a student, the LON-CAPA
 1618:  system will randomly select one foil from each Concept Group and present
 1619:  it to the student.
 1620:  In order to receive credit for the problem, the student must select the
 1621:  corresponding option from the drop-down box for each given foil.
 1622: \layout Subsubsection
 1623: 
 1624: Example: Concept Group
 1625: \layout Standard
 1626: 
 1627: For example, a Concept Group may contain the following True/False questions:
 1628: \layout Itemize
 1629: 
 1630: 
 1631: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 1632: \end_inset 
 1633: 
 1634: Mark Twain
 1635: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 1636: \end_inset 
 1637: 
 1638:  is the pen name of Samuel Clemens.
 1639: \layout Itemize
 1640: 
 1641: Mark Twain wrote 
 1642: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 1643: \end_inset 
 1644: 
 1645: The Call of the Wild
 1646: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 1647: \end_inset 
 1648: 
 1649: .
 1650: \layout Itemize
 1651: 
 1652: Mark Twain wrote 
 1653: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 1654: \end_inset 
 1655: 
 1656: Huckleberry Finn
 1657: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 1658: \end_inset 
 1659: 
 1660: .
 1661: \layout Itemize
 1662: 
 1663: Mark Twain spent most of his life in the Congo.
 1664: \layout Standard
 1665: 
 1666: For each foil, the author marks it True or False.
 1667:  When the student logs on and attempts to answer this question, the student
 1668:  will see only one of the four choices for that concept group.
 1669:  They then go on to do the remaining three to seven Concept Groups in this
 1670:  question before submitting their answer.
 1671: \layout Subsubsection
 1672: 
 1673: Example: Matching Problem
 1674: \layout Standard
 1675: 
 1676: Option Response problems can be used as matching problems as well.
 1677: \layout Standard
 1678: 
 1679: For example, you might want to ask the student to match musical compositions
 1680:  with their composers.
 1681:  You could create an Option Response problem with 4 Concept Groups, and
 1682:  place the following four foil groups each in its own concept group:
 1683: \layout Itemize
 1684: 
 1685: Claire de Lune
 1686: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Clair de Lune}
 1687: 
 1688: \end_inset 
 1689: 
 1690: , Ballade
 1691: \begin_float footnote 
 1692: \layout Standard
 1693: 
 1694: Debussy.
 1695: \end_float 
 1696: \layout Itemize
 1697: 
 1698: The Pastoral Symphony, The Ninth Symphony
 1699: \begin_float footnote 
 1700: \layout Standard
 1701: 
 1702: Beethoven.
 1703: \end_float 
 1704: \layout Itemize
 1705: 
 1706: Sleeping Beauty Suite, The Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairies
 1707: \begin_float footnote 
 1708: \layout Standard
 1709: 
 1710: Tchaikovsky.
 1711: \end_float 
 1712: \layout Itemize
 1713: 
 1714: Slavonic Dances, New World Symphony
 1715: \begin_float footnote 
 1716: \layout Standard
 1717: 
 1718: Dvorak.
 1719: \end_float 
 1720: \layout Standard
 1721: 
 1722: You could then add the following options to the option list:
 1723: \layout Itemize
 1724: 
 1725: Debussy
 1726: \layout Itemize
 1727: 
 1728: Beethoven
 1729: \layout Itemize
 1730: 
 1731: Schubert
 1732: \layout Itemize
 1733: 
 1734: Tchaikovsky
 1735: \layout Itemize
 1736: 
 1737: Dvorak
 1738: \layout Standard
 1739: 
 1740: The same answers can be used more then once, or not at all, as you see fit.
 1741:  It is conventional to place such a warning in the 
 1742: \series bold 
 1743: Text Block
 1744: \series default 
 1745:  describing the problem to the students.
 1746: \layout Subsubsection
 1747: 
 1748: Creating Option Response Problems
 1749: \layout Standard
 1750: 
 1751: To create an Option Response problem, create a new resource as described
 1752:  in section 
 1753: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}
 1754: 
 1755: \end_inset 
 1756: 
 1757: .
 1758:  This is a 
 1759: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 1760: \end_inset 
 1761: 
 1762: problem
 1763: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 1764: \end_inset 
 1765: 
 1766:  resource so the URL must end in 
 1767: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 1768: \end_inset 
 1769: 
 1770: .problem
 1771: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 1772: \end_inset 
 1773: 
 1774: .
 1775:  You should see a screen as in figure 
 1776: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}
 1777: 
 1778: \end_inset 
 1779: 
 1780: .
 1781: \layout Enumerate
 1782: 
 1783: In the drop-down option box as seen in figure 
 1784: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}
 1785: 
 1786: \end_inset 
 1787: 
 1788: , select 
 1789: \series bold 
 1790: Option Response Problem with 
 1791: \emph on 
 1792: N
 1793: \emph default 
 1794:  Concept Groups
 1795: \series default 
 1796: , where 
 1797: \series bold 
 1798: \emph on 
 1799: N
 1800: \series default 
 1801: \emph default 
 1802:  is the number of Concept Groups you wish the problem to have, and click
 1803:  the 
 1804: \series bold 
 1805: New Problem
 1806: \series default 
 1807:  button.
 1808: \layout Enumerate
 1809: 
 1810: Click the 
 1811: \series bold 
 1812: Edit
 1813: \series default 
 1814:  button above the sample problem to enter edit mode.
 1815: \begin_float fig 
 1816: \layout Standard
 1817: \align center 
 1818: 
 1819: \begin_inset Figure size 476 276
 1820: file optionResponseEditing.eps
 1821: width 3 80
 1822: flags 9
 1823: 
 1824: \end_inset 
 1825: 
 1826: 
 1827: \layout Caption
 1828: 
 1829: Option Response Editor
 1830: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Option Response Editor Figure}
 1831: 
 1832: \end_inset 
 1833: 
 1834: 
 1835: \end_float 
 1836:  You should see the Option Response page open up, which should look something
 1837:  like what you see in figure 
 1838: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Option Response Editor Figure}
 1839: 
 1840: \end_inset 
 1841: 
 1842: .
 1843: \layout Enumerate
 1844: 
 1845: Replace the text in the 
 1846: \series bold 
 1847: Text Block
 1848: \series default 
 1849:  with text that explains the conditions for your problem.
 1850: \layout Enumerate
 1851: 
 1852: Locate the 
 1853: \series bold 
 1854: Max Number of Shown Foils
 1855: \series default 
 1856:  element and type a number from 1 to 8 to display that number of questions.
 1857:  You cannot display more than one foil from each concept group, so this
 1858:  option will only reduce the number of foils displayed, if it is less than
 1859:  the number of concept groups in your Option Response problem.
 1860: \layout Enumerate
 1861: 
 1862: Now you must define the options the students can select.
 1863:  For each option you wish to add to the Option Response question, type the
 1864:  option into the 
 1865: \series bold 
 1866: Add new Option
 1867: \series default 
 1868:  box in the 
 1869: \series bold 
 1870: Select Options
 1871: \series default 
 1872:  section, then hit the 
 1873: \series bold 
 1874: Save Changes
 1875: \series default 
 1876:  button.
 1877:  If you do not hit the 
 1878: \series bold 
 1879: Save Changes
 1880: \series default 
 1881:  button, your option will not be selectable below.
 1882:  (You will delete unwanted options in the last step.)
 1883: \layout Enumerate
 1884: 
 1885: Now, you need to define the question foils.
 1886:  Look for the foil with the name 
 1887: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 1888: \end_inset 
 1889: 
 1890: One
 1891: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 1892: \end_inset 
 1893: 
 1894: .
 1895:  Type the question into the text box, and select the correct option for
 1896:  that question from the 
 1897: \series bold 
 1898: Correct Option
 1899: \series default 
 1900:  drop-down menu.
 1901:  Click 
 1902: \series bold 
 1903: Submit Changes
 1904: \series default 
 1905:  to save this question foil.
 1906:  Repeat this step for all remaining foils.
 1907: \layout Enumerate
 1908: 
 1909: Locate the foils that are not being used.
 1910:  In their 
 1911: \series bold 
 1912: Delete
 1913: \series default 
 1914:  menus, set the value to 
 1915: \series bold 
 1916: Yes
 1917: \series default 
 1918: .
 1919:  Once you've set the Delete menu value correctly for all the foils, click
 1920:  the 
 1921: \series bold 
 1922: Save Changes
 1923: \series default 
 1924:  button.
 1925: \layout Enumerate
 1926: 
 1927: In the Hint area, provide a helpful hint for users who get the problem incorrect
 1928: , and click the 
 1929: \series bold 
 1930: Save Changes
 1931: \series default 
 1932:  button.
 1933: \layout Enumerate
 1934: 
 1935: Make sure all the options you want to delete are not used for any of your
 1936:  foils
 1937: \begin_float footnote 
 1938: \layout Standard
 1939: 
 1940: If a deleted option is used in a foil, it will appear in a text box in the
 1941:  
 1942: \series bold 
 1943: Correct Option
 1944: \series default 
 1945:  area for that foil.
 1946:  To make the drop-down box reappear, type an option already defined in the
 1947:  
 1948: \series bold 
 1949: Select Options
 1950: \series default 
 1951:  field, and hit 
 1952: \series bold 
 1953: Submit Changes
 1954: \series default 
 1955: .
 1956:  A drop-down box will reappear.
 1957: \end_float 
 1958: .
 1959:  To delete the irrelevant options from the Option Response question, select
 1960:  that option from the 
 1961: \series bold 
 1962: Delete an Option
 1963: \series default 
 1964:  drop down, and hit the 
 1965: \series bold 
 1966: Save Changes
 1967: \series default 
 1968:  button.
 1969:  Do that for each option you wish to remove.
 1970: \layout Subsubsection
 1971: 
 1972: Simple Option Response: No Concept Groups
 1973: \layout Standard
 1974: 
 1975: If you select 
 1976: \series bold 
 1977: Simple Option Response
 1978: \series default 
 1979:  from the drop-down box, you get a template that will allow you to enter
 1980:  up to eight foils with no grouping.
 1981:  The system will randomly mix these foils when presenting them to the student.
 1982:  You can have more foils then the 
 1983: \series bold 
 1984: Max Num of Shown Foils
 1985: \series default 
 1986:  so that each student will not have the identical foils.
 1987: \layout Subsection
 1988: 
 1989: Creating a String Response Problem
 1990: \layout Standard
 1991: 
 1992: To create a String Response problem, create a new resource as described
 1993:  in section 
 1994: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}
 1995: 
 1996: \end_inset 
 1997: 
 1998: .
 1999:  This is a 
 2000: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2001: \end_inset 
 2002: 
 2003: problem
 2004: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2005: \end_inset 
 2006: 
 2007:  resource so the URL must end in 
 2008: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2009: \end_inset 
 2010: 
 2011: .problem
 2012: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2013: \end_inset 
 2014: 
 2015: .
 2016:  You should see a screen as in figure 
 2017: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}
 2018: 
 2019: \end_inset 
 2020: 
 2021: .
 2022: \layout Enumerate
 2023: 
 2024: In the drop-down option box as seen in figure 
 2025: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}
 2026: 
 2027: \end_inset 
 2028: 
 2029: , select
 2030: \series bold 
 2031:  String Response Problem
 2032: \series default 
 2033: , and click the 
 2034: \series bold 
 2035: New Problem
 2036: \series default 
 2037:  button.
 2038: \layout Enumerate
 2039: 
 2040: Click the 
 2041: \series bold 
 2042: Edit
 2043: \series default 
 2044:  button above the sample problem to enter edit mode.
 2045: \begin_float fig 
 2046: \layout Standard
 2047: \align center 
 2048: 
 2049: \begin_inset Figure size 476 320
 2050: file stringResponseEditor.eps
 2051: width 3 80
 2052: flags 9
 2053: 
 2054: \end_inset 
 2055: 
 2056: 
 2057: \layout Caption
 2058: 
 2059: String Response Editor
 2060: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{String Response Editor Figure}
 2061: 
 2062: \end_inset 
 2063: 
 2064: 
 2065: \end_float 
 2066:  You should see the String Response editor page open up, which should look
 2067:  something like what you see in figure 
 2068: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{String Response Editor Figure}
 2069: 
 2070: \end_inset 
 2071: 
 2072: .
 2073: \layout Enumerate
 2074: 
 2075: Clear the text from the 
 2076: \series bold 
 2077: Text Block
 2078: \series default 
 2079:  at the top of the problem, and type in your problem.
 2080: \layout Enumerate
 2081: 
 2082: In the 
 2083: \series bold 
 2084: Answer Box
 2085: \series default 
 2086: , type the correct answer.
 2087: \layout Enumerate
 2088: 
 2089: Select the answer condition from the drop-down.
 2090:  There are three cases to choose from:
 2091: \begin_deeper 
 2092: \layout Enumerate
 2093: 
 2094: 
 2095: \series bold 
 2096: cs
 2097: \series default 
 2098: : This means 
 2099: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2100: \end_inset 
 2101: 
 2102: Case Sensitive
 2103: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2104: \end_inset 
 2105: 
 2106: .
 2107:  For example, this is useful in chemistry, where HO and Ho are completely
 2108:  different answers
 2109: \begin_float footnote 
 2110: \end_deeper 
 2111: \layout Standard
 2112: 
 2113: 
 2114: \series bold 
 2115: HO
 2116: \series default 
 2117:  is hydrogen monoxide, a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas.
 2118:  
 2119: \series bold 
 2120: Ho
 2121: \series default 
 2122:  is the element 67, Holmium, in the Lanthanides.
 2123: \end_float 
 2124: .
 2125:  The student must match the case of the answer.
 2126: \begin_deeper 
 2127: \layout Enumerate
 2128: 
 2129: 
 2130: \series bold 
 2131: ci
 2132: \series default 
 2133: : This means 
 2134: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2135: \end_inset 
 2136: 
 2137: Case Insensitive
 2138: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2139: \end_inset 
 2140: 
 2141: .
 2142:  The system does not use the case of the letters to determine the correctness
 2143:  of the answer.
 2144:  If the correct answer is 
 2145: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2146: \end_inset 
 2147: 
 2148: car
 2149: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2150: \end_inset 
 2151: 
 2152: , the system will accept 
 2153: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2154: \end_inset 
 2155: 
 2156: car
 2157: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2158: \end_inset 
 2159: 
 2160: , 
 2161: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2162: \end_inset 
 2163: 
 2164: CAR
 2165: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2166: \end_inset 
 2167: 
 2168: , 
 2169: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2170: \end_inset 
 2171: 
 2172: Car
 2173: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2174: \end_inset 
 2175: 
 2176: , 
 2177: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2178: \end_inset 
 2179: 
 2180: caR
 2181: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2182: \end_inset 
 2183: 
 2184: , etc.
 2185: \layout Enumerate
 2186: 
 2187: 
 2188: \series bold 
 2189: mc
 2190: \series default 
 2191: : This means 
 2192: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2193: \end_inset 
 2194: 
 2195: Multiple Choice
 2196: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2197: \end_inset 
 2198: 
 2199: .
 2200:  The student's answers must contain the same letters as the question author's,
 2201:  but order is unimportant.
 2202:  This is usually used to give a multiple choice question in the question's
 2203:  
 2204: \series bold 
 2205: Text Block
 2206: \series default 
 2207: , which may have several correct parts.
 2208:  If the author sets the correct answer as 
 2209: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2210: \end_inset 
 2211: 
 2212: bcg
 2213: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2214: \end_inset 
 2215: 
 2216: , the system will accept 
 2217: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2218: \end_inset 
 2219: 
 2220: bcg
 2221: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2222: \end_inset 
 2223: 
 2224: , 
 2225: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2226: \end_inset 
 2227: 
 2228: cbg
 2229: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2230: \end_inset 
 2231: 
 2232: , 
 2233: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2234: \end_inset 
 2235: 
 2236: gcb
 2237: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2238: \end_inset 
 2239: 
 2240: , etc., but not 
 2241: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2242: \end_inset 
 2243: 
 2244: bc
 2245: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2246: \end_inset 
 2247: 
 2248:  or 
 2249: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2250: \end_inset 
 2251: 
 2252: abcg
 2253: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2254: \end_inset 
 2255: 
 2256: .
 2257: \layout Standard
 2258: 
 2259: It is conventional to inform the students if the problem is case sensitive,
 2260:  or that the order of the answers doesn't matter.
 2261: \end_deeper 
 2262: \layout Enumerate
 2263: 
 2264: Optionally, locate the 
 2265: \series bold 
 2266: Single Line Text Entry Area
 2267: \series default 
 2268:  block and set a length in the Size box.
 2269:  This will only affect the size of the box on the screen; if you set the
 2270:  box size to 2, the student can still enter 3 or more letters in their answer.
 2271: \layout Enumerate
 2272: 
 2273: Scroll down to the 
 2274: \series bold 
 2275: Hint
 2276: \series default 
 2277:  element, and type some text that will help students when they answer incorrectl
 2278: y, or delete the hint by setting the 
 2279: \series bold 
 2280: Delete
 2281: \series default 
 2282:  field to 
 2283: \series bold 
 2284: Yes
 2285: \series default 
 2286: .
 2287: \layout Enumerate
 2288: 
 2289: Click the 
 2290: \series bold 
 2291: Submit Changes
 2292: \series default 
 2293:  button.
 2294: \layout Subsection
 2295: 
 2296: Creating Numerical Response And Formula Response Problems
 2297: \layout Standard
 2298: 
 2299: Numerical Response problems are answered by entering a number and an optional
 2300:  unit.
 2301:  For instance, a numerical response problem might have an answer of 
 2302: \begin_inset Formula \( 2m/s^{2} \)
 2303: \end_inset 
 2304: 
 2305: .
 2306:  Formula Response problems are answered by entering a mathematical formula.
 2307:  For instance, a numerical response problem might have an answer of 
 2308: \begin_inset Formula \( x^{2}+11 \)
 2309: \end_inset 
 2310: 
 2311: .
 2312:  The answer may be in any equivalent format.
 2313:  For instance, for 
 2314: \begin_inset Formula \( x^{2}+11 \)
 2315: \end_inset 
 2316: 
 2317: , the system will also accept 
 2318: \begin_inset Formula \( x*x+11 \)
 2319: \end_inset 
 2320: 
 2321:  or 
 2322: \begin_inset Formula \( x^{2}+21-10 \)
 2323: \end_inset 
 2324: 
 2325: .
 2326: \layout Standard
 2327: 
 2328: Creating Numerical Response and Formula Response problems starts the same
 2329:  as the other problem types, but because of the power of Numerical Response
 2330:  and Formula Response problems, they are covered in their own section after
 2331:  the end of the tutorial.
 2332:  For more information about these problem types, please see section 
 2333: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Numerical Response}
 2334: 
 2335: \end_inset 
 2336: 
 2337:  for Numerical Response problems and section 
 2338: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Formula Response}
 2339: 
 2340: \end_inset 
 2341: 
 2342:  for Formula Response problems.
 2343: \layout Section
 2344: 
 2345: Publishing Your Resources
 2346: \layout Standard
 2347: 
 2348: In order to make the content you've created available for use in courses,
 2349:  you must publish your content.
 2350:  LON-CAPA provides an easy interface for publishing your content pages,
 2351:  problem resources, and sequences.
 2352:  You can specify title, author information, keywords, and other metadata.
 2353:  LON-CAPA uses this metadata for many things, and it's important to fill
 2354:  the metadata out as accurately as possible.
 2355: \layout Subsection
 2356: 
 2357: What is Metadata?
 2358: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Metadata}
 2359: 
 2360: \end_inset 
 2361: 
 2362: 
 2363: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{What Is Metadata?}
 2364: 
 2365: \end_inset 
 2366: 
 2367: 
 2368: \layout Standard
 2369: 
 2370: 
 2371: \emph on 
 2372: Metadata
 2373: \emph default 
 2374:  is 
 2375: \emph on 
 2376: data about data
 2377: \emph default 
 2378: .
 2379:  Metadata can often be thought of as a label on some bit of information
 2380:  that can be useful to people or computer programs trying to use the data.
 2381:  Without metadata, the person or computer trying to use the original information
 2382:  would have to just guess what the original data is about.
 2383:  For instance, if you create a problem and neglect to say in the title or
 2384:  subject of the problem what it is about, then a human who wants to use
 2385:  that problem would have to read the problem itself to see what it was about,
 2386:  which is much more difficult than just reading a title.
 2387:  A computer trying to do the same thing would just be out of luck; it is
 2388:  too stupid to understand the problem statement at all.
 2389: \layout Standard
 2390: 
 2391: One example of metadata is the <title> of a web page, which usually shows
 2392:  up in the title bar of the browser.
 2393:  That's information about the web page itself, not actually part of the
 2394:  web page.
 2395:  People use the title information when they bookmark a page, so they know
 2396:  what the page is.
 2397:  Search engines use it as a clue about the content of the web page.
 2398: \layout Subsection
 2399: 
 2400: Publishing A Resource
 2401: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Resource, Publishing}
 2402: 
 2403: \end_inset 
 2404: 
 2405: 
 2406: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Publishing Resource}
 2407: 
 2408: \end_inset 
 2409: 
 2410: 
 2411: \layout Standard
 2412: 
 2413: \begin_float fig 
 2414: \layout Standard
 2415: \align center 
 2416: 
 2417: \begin_inset Figure size 476 168
 2418: file constructionSpaceForPublishing.eps
 2419: width 3 80
 2420: flags 9
 2421: 
 2422: \end_inset 
 2423: 
 2424: 
 2425: \layout Caption
 2426: 
 2427: Construction Space for Publishing
 2428: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Construction Space for Publishing Figure}
 2429: 
 2430: \end_inset 
 2431: 
 2432: 
 2433: \end_float 
 2434: To publish a resource, log in and choose your role to be an Author.
 2435:  Then click 
 2436: \series bold 
 2437: CSTR
 2438: \series default 
 2439:  to go to your construction space.
 2440:  You should see something like figure 
 2441: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Construction Space for Publishing Figure}
 2442: 
 2443: \end_inset 
 2444: 
 2445: .
 2446:  Click on the 
 2447: \series bold 
 2448: Publish
 2449: \series default 
 2450:  button for the resource you wish to publish.
 2451: \begin_float fig 
 2452: \layout Standard
 2453: \align center 
 2454: 
 2455: \begin_inset Figure size 476 338
 2456: file publishMetadata.eps
 2457: width 3 80
 2458: flags 9
 2459: 
 2460: \end_inset 
 2461: 
 2462: 
 2463: \layout Caption
 2464: 
 2465: Publishing Metadata Screen
 2466: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Publishing Metadata Screen Figure}
 2467: 
 2468: \end_inset 
 2469: 
 2470: 
 2471: \end_float 
 2472:  You'll get a metadata screen that should look something like figure 
 2473: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Publishing Metadata Screen Figure}
 2474: 
 2475: \end_inset 
 2476: 
 2477: .
 2478:  Fill out the form.
 2479:  If you are creating resources that may be used in several courses, you
 2480:  should talk with the other authors and establish some sort of standard
 2481:  title and subject scheme in advance.
 2482:  
 2483: \layout Standard
 2484: 
 2485: The 
 2486: \series bold 
 2487: Language
 2488: \series default 
 2489:  is the language the problem is written in.
 2490:  The 
 2491: \series bold 
 2492: Publisher/Owner
 2493: \series default 
 2494:  is the LON-CAPA user who owns the problem.
 2495: \layout Standard
 2496: 
 2497: The 
 2498: \series bold 
 2499: Keywords
 2500: \series default 
 2501:  and the 
 2502: \series bold 
 2503: Abstract
 2504: \series default 
 2505:  are more information about the problem.
 2506:  The 
 2507: \series bold 
 2508: Keywords
 2509: \series default 
 2510:  are words that are strongly connected to your problem; for instance a physics
 2511:  problem about a pulley might include 
 2512: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2513: \end_inset 
 2514: 
 2515: pulley
 2516: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2517: \end_inset 
 2518: 
 2519:  as a key word.
 2520:  LON-CAPA pulls out words used in the text of the resource for you so you
 2521:  can just click on their check boxes to make them keywords.
 2522:  
 2523: \series bold 
 2524: Additional keywords
 2525: \series default 
 2526:  allows you to add any keyword to your problem that are not actually in
 2527:  the problem.
 2528:  For instance, on that same problem a physicist might add the keyword 
 2529: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2530: \end_inset 
 2531: 
 2532: statics
 2533: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2534: \end_inset 
 2535: 
 2536: , even though it doesn't appear in the original problem, because Physics
 2537:  uses that as a classification of problem type.
 2538:  
 2539: \series bold 
 2540: Additional Keywords
 2541: \series default 
 2542:  are also useful when publishing graphics.
 2543: \layout Standard
 2544: 
 2545: Finally, you need to set the copyright and distribution permissions in the
 2546:  
 2547: \series bold 
 2548: COPYRIGHT/DISTRIBUTION
 2549: \series default 
 2550:  drop-down.
 2551:  This setting controls who is allowed to use your resource as follows:
 2552: \layout Comment
 2553: 
 2554: Is this right?
 2555: \layout Itemize
 2556: 
 2557: 
 2558: \series bold 
 2559: Limited to courses in the domain published
 2560: \series default 
 2561:  means that only courses running in the same domain as you can use your
 2562:  content.
 2563:  Talk to your LON-CAPA administrator if you want more information about
 2564:  your domain.
 2565: \layout Itemize
 2566: 
 2567: 
 2568: \series bold 
 2569: Free
 2570: \series default 
 2571:  means that anyone can find and use the resource.
 2572: \layout Itemize
 2573: 
 2574: 
 2575: \series bold 
 2576: Private - visible to author only
 2577: \series default 
 2578:  means that it can't be used for any course.
 2579: \layout Itemize
 2580: 
 2581: 
 2582: \series bold 
 2583: Public - no authentication required
 2584: \series default 
 2585:  means anyone can find and use the resource.
 2586: \layout Standard
 2587: 
 2588: Now when you click 
 2589: \series bold 
 2590: Finalize Publication
 2591: \series default 
 2592: , your resource will be published and usable (unless you set the distribution
 2593:  to 
 2594: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2595: \end_inset 
 2596: 
 2597: private
 2598: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2599: \end_inset 
 2600: 
 2601: ).
 2602: \layout Standard
 2603: 
 2604: If you're following this as a tutorial, publish your resources so we can
 2605:  use them in the next section.
 2606: \layout Section
 2607: 
 2608: Creating A Course
 2609: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Creating a Course}
 2610: 
 2611: \end_inset 
 2612: 
 2613: : Maps and Sequences
 2614: \layout Standard
 2615: 
 2616: In order to create a useful course, we need to arrange our raw materials
 2617:  so that students can use them.
 2618: \layout Subsection
 2619: 
 2620: Creating Sequences
 2621: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Sequence}
 2622: 
 2623: \end_inset 
 2624: 
 2625: 
 2626: \layout Standard
 2627: 
 2628: A 
 2629: \series bold 
 2630: Sequence
 2631: \series default 
 2632:  is a series of resources that can be navigated using the 
 2633: \series bold 
 2634: NAV
 2635: \series default 
 2636:  remote control button, or by using the arrow keys on the remote control.
 2637:  
 2638: \layout Standard
 2639: 
 2640: \begin_float fig 
 2641: \layout Standard
 2642: \align center 
 2643: 
 2644: \begin_inset Figure size 238 83
 2645: file mapEditorSelection.eps
 2646: width 3 40
 2647: flags 9
 2648: 
 2649: \end_inset 
 2650: 
 2651: 
 2652: \layout Caption
 2653: 
 2654: Map Editor Selection
 2655: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Editor Selection Figure}
 2656: 
 2657: \end_inset 
 2658: 
 2659: 
 2660: \end_float 
 2661: To create a Sequence resource, create a new resource as described in section
 2662:  
 2663: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}
 2664: 
 2665: \end_inset 
 2666: 
 2667: .
 2668:  This is a 
 2669: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2670: \end_inset 
 2671: 
 2672: sequence
 2673: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2674: \end_inset 
 2675: 
 2676:  resource so the URL must end in 
 2677: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2678: \end_inset 
 2679: 
 2680: .sequence
 2681: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2682: \end_inset 
 2683: 
 2684: .
 2685:  After you enter in the URL ending in 
 2686: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 2687: \end_inset 
 2688: 
 2689: .sequence
 2690: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 2691: \end_inset 
 2692: 
 2693: , you should see a screen as in figure 
 2694: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Selection Figure}
 2695: 
 2696: \end_inset 
 2697: 
 2698: .
 2699:  You can use either the advanced editor or the simplified editor.
 2700: \layout Subsection
 2701: 
 2702: Creating a Simple .sequence With The Simple Editor
 2703: \layout Standard
 2704: 
 2705: \begin_float fig 
 2706: \layout Standard
 2707: \align center 
 2708: 
 2709: \begin_inset Figure size 476 250
 2710: file mapSimpleEditor.eps
 2711: width 3 80
 2712: flags 9
 2713: 
 2714: \end_inset 
 2715: 
 2716: 
 2717: \layout Caption
 2718: 
 2719: Simple Map Editor
 2720: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Simple Map Editor}
 2721: 
 2722: \end_inset 
 2723: 
 2724: 
 2725: \end_float 
 2726: After creating a new .sequence resource and getting the editor selection
 2727:  prompt (figure 
 2728: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Selection Figure}
 2729: 
 2730: \end_inset 
 2731: 
 2732: ), click the 
 2733: \series bold 
 2734: Simple Edit
 2735: \series default 
 2736:  button to get to the simple map editor, which appears in figure 
 2737: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Simple Map Editor}
 2738: 
 2739: \end_inset 
 2740: 
 2741: .
 2742:  
 2743: \layout Standard
 2744: 
 2745: The Simple Editor can create .sequences and .pages which are linear, which
 2746:  means they have no branches or conditions.
 2747: \layout Standard
 2748: 
 2749: On the right side of the simple editor is the 
 2750: \series bold 
 2751: Target
 2752: \series default 
 2753: , which represents the map you are currently building.
 2754:  On the left side is the 
 2755: \series bold 
 2756: Import
 2757: \series default 
 2758:  area, which represents a work area you can use for your convenience to
 2759:  load and manipulate resource you may wish to include in your map.
 2760:  Using the three buttons in the middle of the screen, from top to bottom
 2761:  you can cut things out of the Target, copy from the Target to the Import,
 2762:  and copy from the Import to the Target, respectively.
 2763: \layout Standard
 2764: 
 2765: On both sides of the screen, you can do a Group Search and a Group Import.
 2766:  A Group Search allows you to run a search, then import selected results
 2767:  from that search into either directly into your Map, or into your Import
 2768:  space.
 2769:  Checkboxes will appear next to the results in the Group Search, and you
 2770:  can click the resource you wish to add to your map in the order that you
 2771:  want them added.
 2772:  After you select the resource, you will be presented with a screen that
 2773:  allows you to change the order of the selected resources, then you will
 2774:  be able to import the selected resources and work with them.
 2775: \layout Standard
 2776: 
 2777: A Group Import works in a similar fashion, but allows you to use the LON-CAPA
 2778:  network browser to select your resources.
 2779: \layout Standard
 2780: 
 2781: On the Import side, you can also browse for another Map, and load the resources
 2782:  used in that map into your Import workspace.
 2783:  You can also discard the selected resources, clear all the resources, and
 2784:  view the selected resource from the buttons on the Import side of the screen.
 2785:  
 2786: \layout Standard
 2787: 
 2788: Both list boxes support standard multi-select mechanisms as used in your
 2789:  OS.
 2790: \layout Subsection
 2791: 
 2792: Creating a Simple .sequence With The Advanced Editor
 2793: \layout Standard
 2794: 
 2795: After creating a new .sequence resource and getting the editor selection
 2796:  prompt (figure 
 2797: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Selection Figure}
 2798: 
 2799: \end_inset 
 2800: 
 2801: ), click the 
 2802: \series bold 
 2803: Advanced Edit
 2804: \series default 
 2805:  button to get to the advanced map editor.
 2806:  
 2807: \begin_float fig 
 2808: \layout Standard
 2809: \align center 
 2810: 
 2811: \begin_inset Figure size 476 205
 2812: file mapAdvancedEditorNew.eps
 2813: width 3 80
 2814: flags 11
 2815: 
 2816: \end_inset 
 2817: 
 2818: 
 2819: \layout Caption
 2820: 
 2821: Initial Map Editor
 2822: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Initial Map Editor FIgure}
 2823: 
 2824: \end_inset 
 2825: 
 2826: 
 2827: \end_float 
 2828: You should see the initial map editor as shown in figure 
 2829: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Initial Map Editor FIgure}
 2830: 
 2831: \end_inset 
 2832: 
 2833: .
 2834:  Note there are two windows: One is the workspace, and one is a secondary
 2835:  window which will contain information as you add resources.
 2836: \layout Enumerate
 2837: 
 2838: \begin_float fig 
 2839: \layout Standard
 2840: \align center 
 2841: 
 2842: \begin_inset Figure size 476 221
 2843: file mapClickedStart.eps
 2844: width 3 80
 2845: flags 9
 2846: 
 2847: \end_inset 
 2848: 
 2849: 
 2850: \layout Caption
 2851: 
 2852: After clicking 
 2853: \series bold 
 2854: Start
 2855: \series default 
 2856:  in the Map Constructor
 2857: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Clicked Start Figure}
 2858: 
 2859: \end_inset 
 2860: 
 2861: 
 2862: \end_float 
 2863: Click the 
 2864: \series bold 
 2865: Start
 2866: \series default 
 2867:  box.
 2868:  You'll see what you see in figure 
 2869: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Clicked Start Figure}
 2870: 
 2871: \end_inset 
 2872: 
 2873: .
 2874:  Click 
 2875: \series bold 
 2876: Link Resource
 2877: \series default 
 2878:  in the secondary window, then click on the 
 2879: \series bold 
 2880: Finish
 2881: \series default 
 2882:  box.
 2883: \begin_float fig 
 2884: \layout Standard
 2885: \align center 
 2886: 
 2887: \begin_inset Figure size 70 210
 2888: file mapStraightened.eps
 2889: height 3 25
 2890: flags 9
 2891: 
 2892: \end_inset 
 2893: 
 2894: 
 2895: \layout Caption
 2896: 
 2897: Straightened Map
 2898: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Striaghtened map}
 2899: 
 2900: \end_inset 
 2901: 
 2902: 
 2903: \end_float 
 2904:  After that, click 
 2905: \series bold 
 2906: Straighten
 2907: \series default 
 2908: .
 2909:  You should see something like figure 
 2910: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Striaghtened map}
 2911: 
 2912: \end_inset 
 2913: 
 2914: .
 2915:  This creates a simple map that flows from beginning to end.
 2916: \layout Enumerate
 2917: 
 2918: \begin_float fig 
 2919: \layout Standard
 2920: \align center 
 2921: 
 2922: \begin_inset Figure size 271 252
 2923: file mapInsertResource.eps
 2924: height 3 30
 2925: flags 9
 2926: 
 2927: \end_inset 
 2928: 
 2929: 
 2930: \layout Caption
 2931: 
 2932: Inserting a Resource
 2933: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Inserting a Resource Figure}
 2934: 
 2935: \end_inset 
 2936: 
 2937: 
 2938: \end_float 
 2939: To insert a resource into the flow, click the black line with two arrows,
 2940:  seen between the 
 2941: \series bold 
 2942: Start
 2943: \series default 
 2944:  and 
 2945: \series bold 
 2946: Finish
 2947: \series default 
 2948:  boxes in figure 
 2949: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Striaghtened map}
 2950: 
 2951: \end_inset 
 2952: 
 2953: .
 2954:  In the secondary window, you'll see something like figure 
 2955: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Inserting a Resource Figure}
 2956: 
 2957: \end_inset 
 2958: 
 2959: .
 2960:  Click 
 2961: \series bold 
 2962: Insert Resource Into Link
 2963: \series default 
 2964: .
 2965:  A new resource box will appear in the link.
 2966:  Click the resource, which will have the label 
 2967: \series bold 
 2968: Res
 2969: \series default 
 2970: .
 2971: \layout Enumerate
 2972: 
 2973: Click 
 2974: \series bold 
 2975: Browse
 2976: \series default 
 2977: , and the 
 2978: \series bold 
 2979: Network Directory Browser
 2980: \series default 
 2981:  will appear,
 2982: \begin_float fig 
 2983: \layout Standard
 2984: \align center 
 2985: 
 2986: \begin_inset Figure size 357 162
 2987: file mapEditorDirectoryBrowser.eps
 2988: width 3 60
 2989: flags 9
 2990: 
 2991: \end_inset 
 2992: 
 2993: 
 2994: \layout Caption
 2995: 
 2996: Network Directory Browser
 2997: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Editor Network Directory Browser Figure}
 2998: 
 2999: \end_inset 
 3000: 
 3001: 
 3002: \end_float 
 3003:  looking something like figure 
 3004: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Network Directory Browser Figure}
 3005: 
 3006: \end_inset 
 3007: 
 3008: .
 3009:  Press the 
 3010: \series bold 
 3011: SELECT
 3012: \series default 
 3013:  button that is next to the resource you want to place in the chosen resource
 3014:  box.
 3015: \begin_float fig 
 3016: \layout Standard
 3017: \align center 
 3018: 
 3019: \begin_inset Figure size 42 252
 3020: file mapEditorResourceChosen.eps
 3021: height 3 30
 3022: flags 9
 3023: 
 3024: \end_inset 
 3025: 
 3026: 
 3027: \layout Caption
 3028: 
 3029: Resource Chosen
 3030: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Resource Chosen Figure}
 3031: 
 3032: \end_inset 
 3033: 
 3034: 
 3035: \end_float 
 3036:  Once you've done that, if you look back at the window that popped up when
 3037:  you clicked on 
 3038: \series bold 
 3039: New Resource
 3040: \series default 
 3041: , you'll see something like figure 
 3042: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Resource Chosen Figure}
 3043: 
 3044: \end_inset 
 3045: 
 3046: .
 3047:  You can type the 
 3048: \series bold 
 3049: URL
 3050: \series default 
 3051:  and 
 3052: \series bold 
 3053: Title
 3054: \series default 
 3055:  into the secondary window, if you prefer, following the format you see
 3056:  when you've successfully browsed to a resource.
 3057:  After you click 
 3058: \series bold 
 3059: Save Changes
 3060: \series default 
 3061: , your changes will be set, and the icons for the resource will appear in
 3062:  the 
 3063: \series bold 
 3064: Res
 3065: \series default 
 3066:  box, as shown in figure 
 3067: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Resource Chosen Figure}
 3068: 
 3069: \end_inset 
 3070: 
 3071: .
 3072:  Click 
 3073: \series bold 
 3074: Save Map
 3075: \series default 
 3076:  in the bar above your map to save the map.
 3077: \begin_deeper 
 3078: \layout Standard
 3079: 
 3080: Clicking on the left icon for a resource will open a new browser window
 3081:  with an informational page about that resource.
 3082:  Clicking on the right icon for a resource will open a new browser window
 3083:  taking you to the rendering of that resource.
 3084: \end_deeper 
 3085: \layout Enumerate
 3086: 
 3087: Repeat steps two and three for as many resources as you'd like to bind together
 3088:  into one page.
 3089:  You can insert the new resources anywhere you'd like.
 3090: \layout Enumerate
 3091: 
 3092: When you are done adding resources, click the 
 3093: \series bold 
 3094: Save Map
 3095: \series default 
 3096:  link to save the map.
 3097: \layout Standard
 3098: 
 3099: In addition to manually adding in resources, the Advanced Editor also has
 3100:  the ability to import resource in the same way that the Simple Editor can:
 3101:  From a LON-CAPA network browser window, from a Group Search, or from another
 3102:  Map.
 3103: \layout Standard
 3104: 
 3105: The advanced editor has many more capabilities which you can explore.
 3106: \layout Subsection
 3107: 
 3108: Page Maps
 3109: \layout Standard
 3110: 
 3111: Creating a .page map is the same as creating a sequence map, except that
 3112:  when choosing the name of the resource, the URL will end with 
 3113: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3114: \end_inset 
 3115: 
 3116: .page
 3117: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3118: \end_inset 
 3119: 
 3120: .
 3121:  Then all resources you add in the map editor will appear on one page together.
 3122: \layout Standard
 3123: 
 3124: Pages are often used to connect problems in a homework set.
 3125: \layout Subsection
 3126: 
 3127: Creating a Course: Top-level Sequence
 3128: \layout Standard
 3129: 
 3130: In order to view sequences, they need to be part of a 
 3131: \series bold 
 3132: course
 3133: \series default 
 3134: .
 3135: \begin_float fig 
 3136: \layout Standard
 3137: \align center 
 3138: 
 3139: \begin_inset Figure size 238 231
 3140: file creatingANewCourse.eps
 3141: width 3 40
 3142: flags 9
 3143: 
 3144: \end_inset 
 3145: 
 3146: 
 3147: \layout Caption
 3148: 
 3149: Creating a New Course
 3150: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Creating a New Course Figure}
 3151: 
 3152: \end_inset 
 3153: 
 3154: 
 3155: \end_float 
 3156:  Courses have a Top-level Map which defines the whole course.
 3157:  This top-level map will often itself contain maps corresponding to homework
 3158:  assignments, chapters, or units.
 3159:  To view your maps, you will need to make them part of a course.
 3160:  Only Domain Coordinators can make courses and set their Top-level maps,
 3161:  so work with your Domain Coordinator if you need to view your maps.
 3162: \layout Section
 3163: 
 3164: Numerical Response
 3165: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Numerical Response}
 3166: 
 3167: \end_inset 
 3168: 
 3169: 
 3170: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Numerical Response}
 3171: 
 3172: \end_inset 
 3173: 
 3174:  And Formula Response Questions
 3175: \layout Standard
 3176: 
 3177: Numerical Response problems are very powerful.
 3178:  In fact, they are so powerful it would be impossible to fully explain what
 3179:  is possible in a document like this.
 3180:  This chapter will focus on getting you started with Numerical Response
 3181:  problems, and showing you some of the possibilities, with no prerequisite
 3182:  knowledge necessary.
 3183:  The more you learn, the more you will find you can do.
 3184: \layout Standard
 3185: 
 3186: If you like, you can follow this chapter along as its own tutorial.
 3187:  Create a Numerical Response problem using the instructions in section 
 3188: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}
 3189: 
 3190: \end_inset 
 3191: 
 3192: , ending your resource name with 
 3193: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3194: \end_inset 
 3195: 
 3196: .problem
 3197: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3198: \end_inset 
 3199: 
 3200: , and create a new 
 3201: \series bold 
 3202: Simple Numerical Response
 3203: \series default 
 3204:  problem.
 3205: \layout Subsection
 3206: 
 3207: The Parts of a Numerical Response Problem
 3208: \layout Standard
 3209: 
 3210: \begin_float fig 
 3211: \layout Standard
 3212: \align center 
 3213: 
 3214: \begin_inset Figure size 476 356
 3215: file numericalResponse1.eps
 3216: width 3 80
 3217: flags 9
 3218: 
 3219: \end_inset 
 3220: 
 3221: 
 3222: \layout Caption
 3223: 
 3224: Numerical Response editor 
 3225: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Numerical Response Editor Figure}
 3226: 
 3227: \end_inset 
 3228: 
 3229: 
 3230: \end_float 
 3231: A Numerical Response problem has seven major parts by default, as seen in
 3232:  figure 
 3233: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Numerical Response Editor Figure}
 3234: 
 3235: \end_inset 
 3236: 
 3237: :
 3238: \layout Enumerate
 3239: 
 3240: The 
 3241: \series bold 
 3242: Script
 3243: \series default 
 3244: .
 3245:  The script is the heart of advanced Numerical Response problems.
 3246:  It can be used to decide some of the parameters of the problem, compute
 3247:  the answer to the problem, and do just about anything else you can imagine.
 3248:  The Script language is 
 3249: \series bold 
 3250: Perl
 3251: \series default 
 3252: .
 3253:  You do not need to know Perl to use the 
 3254: \series bold 
 3255: Script 
 3256: \series default 
 3257: block, as we will be stepping through some advanced examples in this chapter,
 3258:  but knowing Perl can help.
 3259: \layout Enumerate
 3260: 
 3261: Like other problem types, the 
 3262: \series bold 
 3263: Text Block
 3264: \series default 
 3265:  is used to display the problem the student will see.
 3266:  In addition, you can place variables in the 
 3267: \series bold 
 3268: Text Block
 3269: \series default 
 3270:  based on computations done in the 
 3271: \series bold 
 3272: Script
 3273: \series default 
 3274: .
 3275: \layout Enumerate
 3276: 
 3277: The 
 3278: \series bold 
 3279: Answer
 3280: \series default 
 3281:  is the answer the system is looking for.
 3282:  This can also use parameters from the 
 3283: \series bold 
 3284: Script
 3285: \series default 
 3286:  block, allowing the answer to be computed dynamically.
 3287: \layout Enumerate
 3288: 
 3289: A 
 3290: \series bold 
 3291: tolerance
 3292: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{tolerance}
 3293: 
 3294: \end_inset 
 3295: 
 3296: 
 3297: \series default 
 3298:  parameter, which determines how closely the system will require the student's
 3299:  answer to be in order to count it correct.
 3300:  For technical reasons, it is almost never a good idea to set this parameter
 3301:  to zero
 3302: \begin_float footnote 
 3303: \layout Standard
 3304: 
 3305: Computers can only approximate computations involving real numbers.
 3306:  For instance, a computer's [decimal] answer to the simple problem 
 3307: \begin_inset Formula \( \frac{1}{3} \)
 3308: \end_inset 
 3309: 
 3310:  is 
 3311: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3312: \end_inset 
 3313: 
 3314: 0.33333333333333331
 3315: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3316: \end_inset 
 3317: 
 3318: .
 3319:  It 
 3320: \emph on 
 3321: should
 3322: \emph default 
 3323:  be an infinite series of 3's, and there certainly shouldn't be a 
 3324: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3325: \end_inset 
 3326: 
 3327: 1
 3328: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3329: \end_inset 
 3330: 
 3331:  in the answer, but no computer can represent an infinitely long, infinitely
 3332:  detailed real number.
 3333:  Therefore, for any problem where the answer is not a small integer, you
 3334:  
 3335: \emph on 
 3336: need
 3337: \emph default 
 3338:  to allow a tolerance factor, or the students will find it nearly impossible
 3339:  to exactly match the computers idea of the answer.
 3340: \end_float 
 3341: , though you may find the default too large for some problems.
 3342:  There are two kinds of tolerance.
 3343:  For some answer 
 3344: \begin_inset Formula \( a \)
 3345: \end_inset 
 3346: 
 3347:  and a tolerance 
 3348: \begin_inset Formula \( t \)
 3349: \end_inset 
 3350: 
 3351: ,
 3352: \begin_deeper 
 3353: \layout Enumerate
 3354: 
 3355: an 
 3356: \series bold 
 3357: Absolute
 3358: \series default 
 3359:  tolerance
 3360: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{absolute tolerance}
 3361: 
 3362: \end_inset 
 3363: 
 3364: 
 3365: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{tolerance, absolute}
 3366: 
 3367: \end_inset 
 3368: 
 3369:  will take anything in the range 
 3370: \begin_inset Formula \( a\pm t \)
 3371: \end_inset 
 3372: 
 3373: .
 3374:  So if 
 3375: \begin_inset Formula \( a=10 \)
 3376: \end_inset 
 3377: 
 3378:  and 
 3379: \begin_inset Formula \( t=2 \)
 3380: \end_inset 
 3381: 
 3382: , then anything between 8 and 12 is acceptable
 3383: \begin_float footnote 
 3384: \end_deeper 
 3385: \layout Standard
 3386: 
 3387: For much the same reasons a tolerance is almost always a good idea, it's
 3388:  almost impossible to say whether an answer that is 
 3389: \emph on 
 3390: exactly
 3391: \emph default 
 3392:  
 3393: \begin_inset Formula \( a\pm t \)
 3394: \end_inset 
 3395: 
 3396:  will be accepted by the computer.
 3397:  But the computer does use many decimal places of accuracy; if you want
 3398:  to have the student answer exactly 
 3399: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3400: \end_inset 
 3401: 
 3402: 2
 3403: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3404: \end_inset 
 3405: 
 3406: , then specifying a tolerance of 
 3407: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3408: \end_inset 
 3409: 
 3410: .0000001
 3411: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3412: \end_inset 
 3413: 
 3414:  is OK.
 3415:  (Don't use too many more zeros, though you can use less if you like.)
 3416: \end_float 
 3417: .
 3418:  Any number in the tolerance field 
 3419: \emph on 
 3420: without
 3421: \emph default 
 3422:  a 
 3423: \series bold 
 3424: %
 3425: \series default 
 3426:  symbol is an absolute tolerance.
 3427: \begin_deeper 
 3428: \layout Enumerate
 3429: 
 3430: a 
 3431: \series bold 
 3432: Relative
 3433: \series default 
 3434:  tolerance
 3435: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{relative tolerance}
 3436: 
 3437: \end_inset 
 3438: 
 3439: 
 3440: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{tolerance, relative}
 3441: 
 3442: \end_inset 
 3443: 
 3444:  will take anything in the range 
 3445: \begin_inset Formula \( a\pm at \)
 3446: \end_inset 
 3447: 
 3448: , where 
 3449: \emph on 
 3450: t
 3451: \emph default 
 3452:  is interpreted as a percentage.
 3453:  Any number in the tolerance field 
 3454: \emph on 
 3455: followed by
 3456: \emph default 
 3457:  a 
 3458: \series bold 
 3459: %
 3460: \series default 
 3461:  symbol is a relative tolerance.
 3462:  For example, 
 3463: \begin_inset Formula \( a=10 \)
 3464: \end_inset 
 3465: 
 3466:  and 
 3467: \begin_inset Formula \( t=10\% \)
 3468: \end_inset 
 3469: 
 3470:  will accept anything between 9 and 11.
 3471:  
 3472: \end_deeper 
 3473: \layout Enumerate
 3474: 
 3475: A 
 3476: \series bold 
 3477: significant figures
 3478: \series default 
 3479:  specification tells the system how many significant figures there are in
 3480:  the problem, as either a single number or a range of acceptable values,
 3481:  expressed as 
 3482: \series bold 
 3483: min,max
 3484: \series default 
 3485: .
 3486:  The system will check to make sure that the student's answer contains this
 3487:  many significant digits, useful in many scientific calculations.
 3488:  For example, if the problem has three significant digits, the significant
 3489:  digit specification is 
 3490: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3491: \end_inset 
 3492: 
 3493: 3
 3494: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3495: \end_inset 
 3496: 
 3497: , and the answer is 
 3498: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3499: \end_inset 
 3500: 
 3501: 1.3
 3502: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3503: \end_inset 
 3504: 
 3505: , the system will require the students to type 
 3506: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3507: \end_inset 
 3508: 
 3509: 1.30
 3510: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3511: \end_inset 
 3512: 
 3513: , even though numerically, 
 3514: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3515: \end_inset 
 3516: 
 3517: 1.3
 3518: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3519: \end_inset 
 3520: 
 3521:  and 
 3522: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3523: \end_inset 
 3524: 
 3525: 1.30
 3526: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3527: \end_inset 
 3528: 
 3529:  are the same.
 3530:  A significant figure specification of 
 3531: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3532: \end_inset 
 3533: 
 3534: 3,4
 3535: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3536: \end_inset 
 3537: 
 3538:  means both 
 3539: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3540: \end_inset 
 3541: 
 3542: 1.30
 3543: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3544: \end_inset 
 3545: 
 3546:  and 
 3547: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3548: \end_inset 
 3549: 
 3550: 1.300
 3551: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3552: \end_inset 
 3553: 
 3554:  are acceptable.
 3555: \layout Enumerate
 3556: 
 3557: The 
 3558: \series bold 
 3559: Single Line Text Entry
 3560: \series default 
 3561:  area, as in other problems, allow you to manipulate the text entry area
 3562:  the student will see.
 3563: \layout Enumerate
 3564: 
 3565: Finally, the 
 3566: \series bold 
 3567: Hint
 3568: \series default 
 3569:  should contain text which will help the students when they answer incorrectly.
 3570: \layout Subsection
 3571: 
 3572: Simple Numerical Response Answer
 3573: \layout Standard
 3574: 
 3575: Along with showing the Numerical Response editor, figure 
 3576: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Numerical Response Editor Figure}
 3577: 
 3578: \end_inset 
 3579: 
 3580:  also shows the parameters for one of the simplest possible types of numerical
 3581:  response.
 3582:  The 
 3583: \series bold 
 3584: Text Block
 3585: \series default 
 3586:  has the problem's question, which is the static text 
 3587: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3588: \end_inset 
 3589: 
 3590: What is 2 + 2?
 3591: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3592: \end_inset 
 3593: 
 3594:  The 
 3595: \series bold 
 3596: Answer
 3597: \series default 
 3598:  is 
 3599: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3600: \end_inset 
 3601: 
 3602: 4
 3603: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3604: \end_inset 
 3605: 
 3606: .
 3607:  The 
 3608: \series bold 
 3609: Hint
 3610: \series default 
 3611:  has been set to something appropriate for this problem.
 3612:  Everything else has the default values from when the problem was created.
 3613: \layout Standard
 3614: 
 3615: If you create a problem like this, hit 
 3616: \series bold 
 3617: Submit Changes
 3618: \series default 
 3619: , then hit 
 3620: \series bold 
 3621: View
 3622: \series default 
 3623:  after the changes have been submitted, you can try the problem out for
 3624:  yourself.
 3625:  Note the last box in the HTML page has the answer LON-CAPA is looking for
 3626:  conveniently displayed for you, along with the range the computer will
 3627:  accept and the number of significant digits the computer requires when
 3628:  viewed by an 
 3629: \series bold 
 3630: Author
 3631: \series default 
 3632: .
 3633: \layout Standard
 3634: 
 3635: As you're playing with the problem, if you use up all your tries or get
 3636:  the answer correct but wish to continue playing with the problem, use the
 3637:  
 3638: \series bold 
 3639: Reset Submissions
 3640: \series default 
 3641:  button to clear your answer attempts.
 3642:  
 3643: \layout Subsection
 3644: 
 3645: Simple Script Usage
 3646: \layout Standard
 3647: 
 3648: Totally static problems only scratch the surface of the Numerical Response
 3649:  capabilities.
 3650:  To really explore the power of LON-CAPA, we need to start creating dynamic
 3651:  problems.
 3652:  But before we can get to truly dynamic problems, we need to learn how to
 3653:  work with the 
 3654: \series bold 
 3655: Script
 3656: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Script}
 3657: 
 3658: \end_inset 
 3659: 
 3660: 
 3661: \series default 
 3662:  window.
 3663: \layout Standard
 3664: 
 3665: A script consists of several 
 3666: \series bold 
 3667: statements
 3668: \series default 
 3669: , separated by 
 3670: \series bold 
 3671: semi-colons
 3672: \series default 
 3673: .
 3674:  A 
 3675: \series bold 
 3676: statement
 3677: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{statement}
 3678: 
 3679: \end_inset 
 3680: 
 3681: 
 3682: \series default 
 3683:  is the smallest kind of instruction to the computer.
 3684:  Most problems will be built from several statements.
 3685:  
 3686: \layout Standard
 3687: 
 3688: A script can contain 
 3689: \series bold 
 3690: comments
 3691: \series default 
 3692: , which are not interpreted as statements by the computer.
 3693:  Comments start with 
 3694: \series bold 
 3695: #
 3696: \series default 
 3697: , and go to the end of that line.
 3698:  Thus, if a line starts with #, the whole line is ignored.
 3699:  Comments can also begin in the middle of a line.
 3700:  It is a good idea to comment more complicated scripts, as it can be very
 3701:  difficult to read a large script and figure out what it does.
 3702:  It is a 
 3703: \emph on 
 3704: very
 3705: \emph default 
 3706:  good idea to adopt some sort of commenting standard, especially if you
 3707:  are working in a group or you believe other people may use your problems
 3708:  in the future.
 3709: \layout Itemize
 3710: 
 3711: One of the simplest statements in LON-CAPA is a 
 3712: \series bold 
 3713: variable assignment
 3714: \series default 
 3715: .
 3716:  A 
 3717: \series bold 
 3718: variable
 3719: \series default 
 3720:  can hold any value in it.
 3721:  The variable name must start with a 
 3722: \series bold 
 3723: $
 3724: \series default 
 3725: .
 3726:  In the 
 3727: \series bold 
 3728: Script
 3729: \series default 
 3730: , you need to assign to variables before you use them.
 3731:  Put this program into the 
 3732: \series bold 
 3733: Script
 3734: \series default 
 3735:  field of the Numerical Response:
 3736: \begin_deeper 
 3737: \layout LyX-Code
 3738: 
 3739: $variable = 3;
 3740: \layout Standard
 3741: 
 3742: This creates a variable named 
 3743: \series bold 
 3744: variable
 3745: \series default 
 3746:  and assigns it the value of 
 3747: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3748: \end_inset 
 3749: 
 3750: 3
 3751: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3752: \end_inset 
 3753: 
 3754: .
 3755:  That's one statement.
 3756: \end_deeper 
 3757: \layout Standard
 3758: 
 3759: Variable names are 
 3760: \emph on 
 3761: case sensitive
 3762: \emph default 
 3763: , must start with a letter, and can only consist of letters, numbers, and
 3764:  underscores.
 3765:  Variable names can be as long as you want.
 3766:  
 3767: \layout Standard
 3768: 
 3769: There are many variable naming conventions, covering both how to name and
 3770:  how to capitalize variables
 3771: \begin_float footnote 
 3772: \layout Standard
 3773: 
 3774: The author favors 
 3775: \family typewriter 
 3776: capsOnNewWords
 3777: \family default 
 3778: .
 3779:  Some people use 
 3780: \family typewriter 
 3781: underscore_to_separate_words
 3782: \family default 
 3783: .
 3784:  Many use uppercase letters to specify constants like 
 3785: \family typewriter 
 3786: PI
 3787: \family default 
 3788:  or 
 3789: \family typewriter 
 3790: GOLDEN_MEAN
 3791: \family default 
 3792: .
 3793:  Some people always 
 3794: \family typewriter 
 3795: StartWithCapatalization
 3796: \family default 
 3797: .
 3798:  What's really important is to be consistent, so you don't have to guess
 3799:  whether the variable you're thinking of is 
 3800: \family typewriter 
 3801: coefFriction
 3802: \family default 
 3803: , 
 3804: \family typewriter 
 3805: CoefFriction
 3806: \family default 
 3807: , 
 3808: \family typewriter 
 3809: COEF_FRICTION
 3810: \family default 
 3811: , or something else.
 3812: \end_float 
 3813: .
 3814:  It is a good idea to adopt a standard.
 3815:  If you are working with a group, you may wish to discuss it in your group
 3816:  and agree on a convention.
 3817:  
 3818: \layout Standard
 3819: 
 3820: If you 
 3821: \series bold 
 3822: Submit Changes
 3823: \series default 
 3824:  and 
 3825: \series bold 
 3826: View
 3827: \series default 
 3828:  the problem, you'll see nothing has changed.
 3829:  That's because in order for a variable to be useful, it must be used.
 3830:  The variable can be used in several places.
 3831: \layout Subsubsection
 3832: 
 3833: Variables in Scripts
 3834: \layout Standard
 3835: 
 3836: Variables can be used later in the same script.
 3837:  For instance, we can add another line below the 
 3838: \family typewriter 
 3839: $variable
 3840: \family default 
 3841:  line as such:
 3842: \layout LyX-Code
 3843: 
 3844: $variable2 = $variable + 2;
 3845: \layout Standard
 3846: 
 3847: Now there is a variable called 
 3848: \family typewriter 
 3849: $variable2
 3850: \family default 
 3851:  with the the number 
 3852: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3853: \end_inset 
 3854: 
 3855: 5
 3856: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3857: \end_inset 
 3858: 
 3859:  as its value.
 3860:  
 3861: \layout Standard
 3862: 
 3863: Variables can also be used in 
 3864: \emph on 
 3865: strings
 3866: \emph default 
 3867: 
 3868: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{strings}
 3869: 
 3870: \end_inset 
 3871: 
 3872: , which are a sequence of letters.
 3873:  The underlying language of the script, Perl, has a very large number of
 3874:  ways of using variables in strings, but the easiest and most common way
 3875:  is to use normal double-quotes and just spell out the name of the variable
 3876:  you want to use in the string, like this:
 3877: \layout LyX-Code
 3878: 
 3879: $stringVar = 
 3880: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3881: \end_inset 
 3882: 
 3883: I have a variable with the value $variable.
 3884: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3885: \end_inset 
 3886: 
 3887: 
 3888: \layout Standard
 3889: 
 3890: This will put the string 
 3891: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3892: \end_inset 
 3893: 
 3894: I have a variable with the value 3.
 3895: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3896: \end_inset 
 3897: 
 3898:  into the variable named 
 3899: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3900: \end_inset 
 3901: 
 3902: stringVar
 3903: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3904: \end_inset 
 3905: 
 3906: .
 3907: \layout Standard
 3908: 
 3909: If you are following this chapter as a tutorial, add the previous two lines
 3910:  to your 
 3911: \series bold 
 3912: Script
 3913: \series default 
 3914:  and submit the changes for the problem.
 3915:  There's no need to view it; there's still no visible change.
 3916: \layout Subsubsection
 3917: 
 3918: Variables in the Text Block
 3919: \layout Standard
 3920: 
 3921: Once you've defined variables in the 
 3922: \series bold 
 3923: Script
 3924: \series default 
 3925: , you can use them in the 
 3926: \series bold 
 3927: Text Block
 3928: \series default 
 3929: .
 3930:  For example, using the previous three-line script we've created so far,
 3931:  you can place the following in the 
 3932: \series bold 
 3933: Text Block
 3934: \series default 
 3935: :
 3936: \layout LyX-Code
 3937: 
 3938: See the 3: $variable<br />
 3939: \layout LyX-Code
 3940: 
 3941: See the string: <b>$stringVar</b><br />
 3942: \layout Standard
 3943: 
 3944: \begin_float fig 
 3945: \layout Standard
 3946: \align center 
 3947: 
 3948: \begin_inset Figure size 353 99
 3949: file numericalResponseVarInText.eps
 3950: flags 9
 3951: 
 3952: \end_inset 
 3953: 
 3954: 
 3955: \layout Caption
 3956: 
 3957: Result of Variables in the Text Block
 3958: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Result of Variables in the Text Block Figure}
 3959: 
 3960: \end_inset 
 3961: 
 3962: 
 3963: \end_float 
 3964: If you save that and hit 
 3965: \series bold 
 3966: View
 3967: \series default 
 3968: , you should get what you see in figure 
 3969: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Result of Variables in the Text Block Figure}
 3970: 
 3971: \end_inset 
 3972: 
 3973: .
 3974:  Note how the 
 3975: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3976: \end_inset 
 3977: 
 3978: $variable
 3979: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3980: \end_inset 
 3981: 
 3982:  was turned into a 3, and the 
 3983: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3984: \end_inset 
 3985: 
 3986: $stringVar
 3987: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3988: \end_inset 
 3989: 
 3990:  was turned into 
 3991: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 3992: \end_inset 
 3993: 
 3994: I have a variable with the value 3.
 3995: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 3996: \end_inset 
 3997: 
 3998: 
 3999: \layout Subsubsection
 4000: 
 4001: Variables in the Answer Block
 4002: \layout Standard
 4003: 
 4004: You can use variables in the 
 4005: \series bold 
 4006: Answer
 4007: \series default 
 4008:  part of the question, too.
 4009:  This means you can compute an answer to a question, which we'll see in
 4010:  a bit.
 4011:  If you set the answer of the question to be 
 4012: \series bold 
 4013: $variable
 4014: \series default 
 4015: , 
 4016: \series bold 
 4017: Save Changes
 4018: \series default 
 4019:  and 
 4020: \series bold 
 4021: View
 4022: \series default 
 4023:  it, you'll see that LON-CAPA is now expecting 
 4024: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 4025: \end_inset 
 4026: 
 4027: 3.0
 4028: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 4029: \end_inset 
 4030: 
 4031:  as the answer, plus or minus 5%.
 4032: \layout Subsection
 4033: 
 4034: Calling Functions
 4035: \layout Standard
 4036: 
 4037: With variables, you can store strings or numbers.
 4038:  
 4039: \series bold 
 4040: Functions
 4041: \series default 
 4042:  allow you to manipulate these strings or numbers.
 4043:  Functions work like mathematical functions: They take some number of arguments
 4044:  in, and return one argument, usually a number or a string for our purposes.
 4045:  There are a lot of functions available in LON-CAPA.
 4046:  You can see a complete list at http://mileva.lite.msu.edu/loncapadocs/homework/hom
 4047: ework5.html.
 4048:  For now, let's just look at some simple examples.
 4049: \layout Standard
 4050: 
 4051: \begin_float fig 
 4052: \layout LyX-Code
 4053: 
 4054: $a = -3.0;
 4055: \layout LyX-Code
 4056: 
 4057: $b = &sin($a);
 4058: \layout LyX-Code
 4059: 
 4060: $c = &pow(3.0, &abs($a));
 4061: \layout Caption
 4062: 
 4063: Some Function Calls
 4064: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Some Function Calls Figure}
 4065: 
 4066: \end_inset 
 4067: 
 4068: 
 4069: \end_float 
 4070: In the 
 4071: \series bold 
 4072: Script
 4073: \series default 
 4074:  block, function names start with 
 4075: \series bold 
 4076: &
 4077: \series default 
 4078: .
 4079:  Some example function calls are shown in figure 
 4080: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Some Function Calls Figure}
 4081: 
 4082: \end_inset 
 4083: 
 4084: .
 4085:  You can see that functions can take either variables, numbers, or the results
 4086:  of other function calls as parameters.
 4087:  The 
 4088: \family typewriter 
 4089: &sin
 4090: \family default 
 4091:  function returns the sine of an angle expressed in radians.
 4092:  
 4093: \family typewriter 
 4094: &pow
 4095: \family default 
 4096:  raises the first parameter to the power of the second parameter.
 4097:  
 4098: \family typewriter 
 4099: &abs
 4100: \family default 
 4101:  returns the absolute value of the argument.
 4102: \layout Subsubsection
 4103: 
 4104: Randomization
 4105: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Randomization}
 4106: 
 4107: \end_inset 
 4108: 
 4109: 
 4110: \layout Standard
 4111: 
 4112: For LON-CAPA, one of the most important functions is the 
 4113: \family typewriter 
 4114: random
 4115: \family default 
 4116:  function.
 4117:  Random takes three parameters: a 
 4118: \emph on 
 4119: lower limit
 4120: \emph default 
 4121: , an 
 4122: \emph on 
 4123: upper limit
 4124: \emph default 
 4125: , and an 
 4126: \emph on 
 4127: interval
 4128: \emph default 
 4129: .
 4130:  The 
 4131: \family typewriter 
 4132: &random
 4133: \family default 
 4134:  function returns a random value between the upper and lower limit, some
 4135:  integer number of 
 4136: \emph on 
 4137: interval
 4138: \emph default 
 4139: 's away from the lower limit.
 4140:  Thus, for example, 
 4141: \family typewriter 
 4142: &random(1,2,.2)
 4143: \family default 
 4144:  might return 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, or 2.
 4145:  
 4146: \family typewriter 
 4147: &random
 4148: \family default 
 4149:  uses a uniform distribution.
 4150:  Other distributions are available in LON-CAPA, and can be found by consulting
 4151:  the function list.
 4152: \layout Standard
 4153: 
 4154: \begin_float fig 
 4155: \layout LyX-Code
 4156: 
 4157: $a = &random(1.0,10.0,1.0);
 4158: \layout LyX-Code
 4159: 
 4160: $b = &random(-10.0, -3.0, 1.0);
 4161: \layout LyX-Code
 4162: 
 4163: $answer = $a+$b;
 4164: \layout Caption
 4165: 
 4166: Sample 
 4167: \family typewriter 
 4168: random
 4169: \family default 
 4170:  Calls 
 4171: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Sample Random Calls figure}
 4172: 
 4173: \end_inset 
 4174: 
 4175: 
 4176: \end_float 
 4177: If you put the script in figure 
 4178: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Sample Random Calls figure}
 4179: 
 4180: \end_inset 
 4181: 
 4182:  into the 
 4183: \series bold 
 4184: Script
 4185: \series default 
 4186:  block (replacing whatever contents might be in the block already), you'll
 4187:  get two random variables $a and $b.
 4188:  Now, in the 
 4189: \series bold 
 4190: Text Block
 4191: \series default 
 4192: , put 
 4193: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 4194: \end_inset 
 4195: 
 4196: What is $a plus $b?
 4197: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 4198: \end_inset 
 4199: 
 4200: , and in the 
 4201: \series bold 
 4202: Answer
 4203: \series default 
 4204:  put 
 4205: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 4206: \end_inset 
 4207: 
 4208: $answer
 4209: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 4210: \end_inset 
 4211: 
 4212: , without the quotes for either of them.
 4213:  (It is a good idea to create a variable to hold the answer and call it
 4214:  $answer, or some other reasonably standard name.
 4215:  Do not try to compute the answer in the 
 4216: \series bold 
 4217: Answer
 4218: \series default 
 4219:  field itself; it will not work as you expect.) Now save the problem and
 4220:  
 4221: \series bold 
 4222: View
 4223: \series default 
 4224:  it.
 4225:  You'll see a randomized problem.
 4226: \layout Standard
 4227: 
 4228: For each student, the same random number will be used each time they visit
 4229:  the problem, but each student will get different random numbers.
 4230:  For any but the simplest random problems, you'll want to see several random
 4231:  problems to make sure everything is working out correctly.
 4232:  This is what the 
 4233: \series bold 
 4234: Random Seed
 4235: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Random Seed}
 4236: 
 4237: \end_inset 
 4238: 
 4239: 
 4240: \series default 
 4241:  field is for.
 4242:  To see another randomized version of the problem you've just created, put
 4243:  another number into the 
 4244: \series bold 
 4245: Random Seed
 4246: \series default 
 4247:  field and hit 
 4248: \series bold 
 4249: Change
 4250: \series default 
 4251: .
 4252:  It doesn't really matter what number you put into the field.
 4253:  But for any given 
 4254: \series bold 
 4255: Random Seed
 4256: \series default 
 4257:  with the same problem, you'll see the same randomized problem generated
 4258:  for you.
 4259:  (If you change the 
 4260: \series bold 
 4261: Script
 4262: \series default 
 4263: , you are no longer guaranteed to get the same problem.) 
 4264: \layout Standard
 4265: 
 4266: If you're doing this as a tutorial, try a few random seeds to see what happens.
 4267: \layout Subsection
 4268: 
 4269: Dynamic, Randomized Problems: Putting It All Together
 4270: \layout Standard
 4271: 
 4272: Now you have all the tools to create those wonderful dynamic, randomized
 4273:  problems that you've seen in LON-CAPA.
 4274: \begin_float fig 
 4275: \layout Standard
 4276: \align center 
 4277: 
 4278: \begin_inset Figure size 476 197
 4279: file numericalResponseSlopeProblem.eps
 4280: width 3 80
 4281: flags 9
 4282: 
 4283: \end_inset 
 4284: 
 4285: 
 4286: \layout Caption
 4287: 
 4288: Slope Problem Parameters
 4289: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Slope Problem Parameters Figure}
 4290: 
 4291: \end_inset 
 4292: 
 4293: 
 4294: \end_float 
 4295:  For example, try filling out your problem with the parameters shown in
 4296:  figure 
 4297: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Slope Problem Parameters Figure}
 4298: 
 4299: \end_inset 
 4300: 
 4301: .
 4302:  
 4303: \layout Standard
 4304: 
 4305: When creating randomized problems, you want to make sure that the problems
 4306:  always have an answer.
 4307:  Consider what might happen if I had chosen the two slopes 
 4308: \emph on 
 4309: both
 4310: \emph default 
 4311:  with the expression 
 4312: \family typewriter 
 4313: &random(-1.0,1.0,.2)
 4314: \family default 
 4315: .
 4316:  One out of ten students would get a problem where both slopes were equal,
 4317:  which has either no solution (for unequal y-intercepts) or an infinite
 4318:  number of solutions (for equal slopes and y-intercepts).
 4319:  Both of these cause a division-by-zero error on the division that computes
 4320:  the answer.
 4321:  There are many ways to avoid this, one of the easiest of which is picking
 4322:  one slope negative and one positive.
 4323:  This same problem can show up in many other places, too, so be careful.
 4324: \layout Subsection
 4325: 
 4326: Units, Format
 4327: \layout Standard
 4328: 
 4329: Numerical Response problems can require units.
 4330:  In the problem editing form, place the desired unit in the 
 4331: \series bold 
 4332: Unit
 4333: \series default 
 4334:  field.
 4335:  For information about what units the system accepts, see http://capa4.lite.msu.edu
 4336: /demolibrary/Links/UnitsSymbolsT2.html.
 4337:  The computer will accept the answer in any of its accepted unit formats.
 4338:  For example, if the answer to a problem is 
 4339: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 4340: \end_inset 
 4341: 
 4342: 1ft
 4343: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 4344: \end_inset 
 4345: 
 4346: , the computer will accept 
 4347: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 4348: \end_inset 
 4349: 
 4350: 12in
 4351: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 4352: \end_inset 
 4353: 
 4354:  as correct.
 4355: \layout Standard
 4356: 
 4357: Additionally, you can format the number displayed by the computer as the
 4358:  answer.
 4359:  For instance, if the answer is one-third, the computer will display that
 4360:  it computed 
 4361: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 4362: \end_inset 
 4363: 
 4364: .333333333
 4365: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 4366: \end_inset 
 4367: 
 4368:  as the answer.
 4369:  If you'd like to shorten that, you can use the 
 4370: \series bold 
 4371: Format
 4372: \series default 
 4373:  field.
 4374:  Format strings like 
 4375: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 4376: \end_inset 
 4377: 
 4378: 2E
 4379: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 4380: \end_inset 
 4381: 
 4382:  (without the quotes) will display three significant digits in scientific
 4383:  notation.
 4384:  Format strings like 
 4385: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 4386: \end_inset 
 4387: 
 4388: 2f
 4389: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 4390: \end_inset 
 4391: 
 4392:  will display two digits after the decimal point.
 4393: \layout Subsection
 4394: 
 4395: For More Information
 4396: \layout Standard
 4397: 
 4398: The full power of Perl is well outside the scope of this document.
 4399:  Looking in the function list at 
 4400: \newline 
 4401: http://mileva.lite.msu.edu/loncapadocs/homework/homework5.html 
 4402: \newline 
 4403: can give you some ideas.
 4404:  O'Reilly has some good Perl books.
 4405:  The Perl 5 Pocket Reference will contain more than what you need to know
 4406:  to use LON-CAPA, available at 
 4407: \newline 
 4408: http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/perlpr3/ .
 4409: \layout Standard
 4410: 
 4411: If you have any problems, consult http://help.loncapa.org/fom/cache/5.html
 4412:  .
 4413:  If you don't find the answer to your problem, please help us expand the
 4414:  FAQ by submitting a new pending question.
 4415: \layout Standard
 4416: 
 4417: Our advanced users often come to prefer the XML interface for the problems,
 4418:  available through the 
 4419: \series bold 
 4420: EditXML
 4421: \series default 
 4422:  buttons.
 4423:  Covering the XML format is beyond the scope of this manual, but you can
 4424:  learn a lot by using the editor to make changes and seeing what happens
 4425:  to the XML.
 4426: \layout Subsection
 4427: 
 4428: Formula Response
 4429: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Formula Response}
 4430: 
 4431: \end_inset 
 4432: 
 4433: 
 4434: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Formula Response}
 4435: 
 4436: \end_inset 
 4437: 
 4438:  Problems
 4439: \layout Standard
 4440: 
 4441: \begin_float fig 
 4442: \layout Standard
 4443: \align center 
 4444: 
 4445: \begin_inset Figure size 476 262
 4446: file formulaResponse.eps
 4447: width 3 80
 4448: flags 9
 4449: 
 4450: \end_inset 
 4451: 
 4452: 
 4453: \layout Caption
 4454: 
 4455: Formula Response Problem
 4456: \end_float 
 4457: Formula response problems asks the student to type in a formula as an answer.
 4458:  If the answer is 
 4459: \begin_inset Formula \( 2x^{2}+4 \)
 4460: \end_inset 
 4461: 
 4462: , the student is allowed to type 
 4463: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 4464: \end_inset 
 4465: 
 4466: 2*x*x+4
 4467: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 4468: \end_inset 
 4469: 
 4470: , 
 4471: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 4472: \end_inset 
 4473: 
 4474: x*x + x*x + 4
 4475: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 4476: \end_inset 
 4477: 
 4478: , 
 4479: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 4480: \end_inset 
 4481: 
 4482: 2*x^2 + 14 - 10
 4483: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 4484: \end_inset 
 4485: 
 4486: , or any other equivalent expression.
 4487:  Formula Response problems have many of the same characteristics of Numerical
 4488:  Response problems, including the ability to run scripts, dynamically generate
 4489:  answers, etc.
 4490:  
 4491: \layout Standard
 4492: 
 4493: As you may know, it is extremely difficult to determine whether a given
 4494:  expression is exactly equal to another expression in general.
 4495:  For example, is 
 4496: \begin_inset Formula \( \sin 2x=2\sin x\cos x \)
 4497: \end_inset 
 4498: 
 4499: ? Symbolically proving it one way or another is impossible in general.
 4500:  Therefore, LON-CAPA uses a sampling system.
 4501:  If your answer and the student's answer agree at the sampling points within
 4502:  your given tolerance factor, the student's answer will be accepted, otherwise
 4503:  it will be rejected.
 4504: \layout Subsubsection
 4505: 
 4506: Sampling Specifications
 4507: \layout Standard
 4508: 
 4509: To specify where to sample the formulas for determining whether the student's
 4510:  answer is correct, you need to put a sampling specification in the 
 4511: \series bold 
 4512: Sample Points
 4513: \series default 
 4514: 
 4515: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Sample Points}
 4516: 
 4517: \end_inset 
 4518: 
 4519:  field.
 4520:  The sampling specifications takes the following format:
 4521: \layout Enumerate
 4522: 
 4523: A comma separated list of the variables you wish to interpret,
 4524: \layout Enumerate
 4525: 
 4526: followed by 
 4527: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 4528: \end_inset 
 4529: 
 4530: @
 4531: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 4532: \end_inset 
 4533: 
 4534:  (not in quotes),
 4535: \layout Enumerate
 4536: 
 4537: followed by any number of the following two things, separated by semi-colons:
 4538: \begin_deeper 
 4539: \layout Enumerate
 4540: 
 4541: a comma separated list of as many numbers as there are variables, which
 4542:  specifies one sampling point, OR
 4543: \layout Enumerate
 4544: 
 4545: a comma separated list of as many numbers as there are variables, followed
 4546:  by a colon, followed by another list of as many numbers as there are variables,
 4547:  followed by a #, followed by an integer.
 4548: \end_deeper 
 4549: \layout Standard
 4550: 
 4551: The first form specifies one point to sample.
 4552:  The second form specifies a range for each variable, and the system will
 4553:  take as many random samples from that range as the number after the #.
 4554: \layout Standard
 4555: 
 4556: For 
 4557: \begin_inset Formula \( 2x^{2}+4 \)
 4558: \end_inset 
 4559: 
 4560: , with one variable 
 4561: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 4562: \end_inset 
 4563: 
 4564: x
 4565: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 4566: \end_inset 
 4567: 
 4568: , one could specify
 4569: \layout Itemize
 4570: 
 4571: 
 4572: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 4573: \end_inset 
 4574: 
 4575: x@2
 4576: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 4577: \end_inset 
 4578: 
 4579: , which will sample the answers only at 2.
 4580:  (This is generally a bad idea, as the student could get lucky and match
 4581:  at that point)
 4582: \layout Itemize
 4583: 
 4584: 
 4585: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 4586: \end_inset 
 4587: 
 4588: x@1:5#4
 4589: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 4590: \end_inset 
 4591: 
 4592:  will takes 4 samples from somewhere between 1 and 5.
 4593: \layout Itemize
 4594: 
 4595: 
 4596: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 4597: \end_inset 
 4598: 
 4599: x@1:5#4;10
 4600: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 4601: \end_inset 
 4602: 
 4603:  will takes 4 samples from somewhere between 1 and 5, and also sample at
 4604:  10.
 4605: \layout Standard
 4606: 
 4607: For 
 4608: \begin_inset Formula \( 2x^{2}+3y^{3} \)
 4609: \end_inset 
 4610: 
 4611: , which has two variables, one could specify
 4612: \layout Itemize
 4613: 
 4614: 
 4615: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 4616: \end_inset 
 4617: 
 4618: x,y@4,5:10,12#4;0,0
 4619: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 4620: \end_inset 
 4621: 
 4622: , which take four samples from the box determined by the points (4, 5) and
 4623:  (10, 12), and also sample the point (0, 0).
 4624: \layout Subsubsection
 4625: 
 4626: Formula Notes
 4627: \layout Itemize
 4628: 
 4629: The formula evaluator can not handle things of the form 
 4630: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 4631: \end_inset 
 4632: 
 4633: x + - y
 4634: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 4635: \end_inset 
 4636: 
 4637: .
 4638:  If you have a random variable that may be positive or negative (as in the
 4639:  example following this section), you can try wrapping the references to
 4640:  that variable in parenthesis.
 4641:  As always, it is a good idea to try out several randomized versions of
 4642:  your problems to make sure everything works correctly.
 4643: \layout Itemize
 4644: 
 4645: 
 4646: \series bold 
 4647: Never use relative tolerance in Formula Response problems.
 4648: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{tolerance, in formula response}
 4649: 
 4650: \end_inset 
 4651: 
 4652: 
 4653: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{relative tolerance, in formula response}
 4654: 
 4655: \end_inset 
 4656: 
 4657: 
 4658: \series default 
 4659:  Relative tolerance is poorly defined in Formula Response problems.
 4660:  Always use absolute tolerance.
 4661: \layout Subsubsection
 4662: 
 4663: Example Formula Response 
 4664: \layout Standard
 4665: 
 4666: A very simple formula response problem: 
 4667: \layout Standard
 4668: 
 4669: In the 
 4670: \series bold 
 4671: Script
 4672: \series default 
 4673: , place the following:
 4674: \layout LyX-Code
 4675: 
 4676: $slope = &random(-5.0,5.0,.5);
 4677: \layout LyX-Code
 4678: 
 4679: $yint  = &random(-5.0,5.0,.5);
 4680: \layout LyX-Code
 4681: 
 4682: $answer = 
 4683: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 4684: \end_inset 
 4685: 
 4686: $slope*x + ($yint)
 4687: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 4688: \end_inset 
 4689: 
 4690: ;
 4691: \layout Itemize
 4692: 
 4693: In the 
 4694: \series bold 
 4695: Text Block
 4696: \series default 
 4697: , place the following: 
 4698: \begin_inset Quotes eld
 4699: \end_inset 
 4700: 
 4701: For a line with slope $slope and y-intercept $yint, what is y equal to?
 4702: \begin_inset Quotes erd
 4703: \end_inset 
 4704: 
 4705: 
 4706: \layout Itemize
 4707: 
 4708: In the 
 4709: \series bold 
 4710: Answer
 4711: \series default 
 4712: , place the following: $answer
 4713: \layout Itemize
 4714: 
 4715: Set the Tolerance to .000001.
 4716: \layout Itemize
 4717: 
 4718: Set the 
 4719: \series bold 
 4720: Sample Points
 4721: \series default 
 4722:  to x@0,1,2,3 .
 4723: \layout Comment
 4724: 
 4725: TODO:
 4726: \layout Comment
 4727: 
 4728: * Get sampling problem figured out
 4729: \layout Comment
 4730: 
 4731: \SpecialChar ~
 4732: 
 4733: \layout Comment
 4734: 
 4735: \SpecialChar ~
 4736: 
 4737: \newline 
 4738: \SpecialChar ~
 4739: 
 4740: \layout Comment
 4741: 
 4742: Appendix A: Student Interface
 4743: \layout Comment
 4744: 
 4745: \begin_float fig 
 4746: \layout Standard
 4747: \align center 
 4748: 
 4749: \begin_inset Figure size 152 353
 4750: file studentInterface.eps
 4751: flags 9
 4752: 
 4753: \end_inset 
 4754: 
 4755: 
 4756: \layout Caption
 4757: 
 4758: Student Remote Control
 4759: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Student Remote Control}
 4760: 
 4761: \end_inset 
 4762: 
 4763: 
 4764: \end_float 
 4765: The Student Remote Control will automatically load whenever you log in to
 4766:  a LON-CAPA course as a student.
 4767:  The Student Remote Control contains most of the functions of the Author
 4768:  Remote Control and the following additional functions.
 4769: \layout Comment
 4770: 
 4771: 
 4772: \series bold 
 4773: NAV (NAVIGATE CONTENTS)
 4774: \series default 
 4775:  allows you to directly access resources from the course outline.
 4776: \layout Comment
 4777: 
 4778: 
 4779: \series bold 
 4780: ARROWS (LEFT and RIGHT)
 4781: \series default 
 4782:  allows you to move to the backward or forward through the course.
 4783: \layout Comment
 4784: 
 4785: 
 4786: \series bold 
 4787: GRDS (MY GRADES)
 4788: \series default 
 4789:  allows you to check your grades in the courses you are taking.
 4790: \layout Comment
 4791: 
 4792: 
 4793: \series bold 
 4794: SBKM (SET BOOKMARK)
 4795: \series default 
 4796:  allows you to bookmark pages for easy access.
 4797: \layout Comment
 4798: 
 4799: 
 4800: \series bold 
 4801: VBKM (VIEW BOOKMARK)
 4802: \series default 
 4803:  displays your bookmarks for easy access to bookmarked resources.
 4804: \layout Comment
 4805: 
 4806: 
 4807: \series bold 
 4808: ANOT (ANOTATE)
 4809: \series default 
 4810:  allows you to create personal notes.
 4811: \layout Comment
 4812: 
 4813: 
 4814: \series bold 
 4815: LOGOUT (LOGOUT)
 4816: \series default 
 4817:  will log you out of the LON-CAPA system.
 4818: \the_end