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26: \quotes_language english
27: \quotes_times 2
28: \papercolumns 1
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30: \paperpagestyle fancy
31:
32: \layout Title
33:
34: Learning
35: \emph on
36: Online
37: \emph default
38: Network with CAPA
39: \newline
40:
41: \emph on
42: \SpecialChar ~
43:
44: \newline
45:
46: \size larger
47: Author's Tutorial And Manual
48: \layout Standard
49: \added_space_top vfill \align center
50: \SpecialChar ~
51:
52: \layout Standard
53: \align center
54: This manual was developed by John Williamson in the Office of Medical Education
55: Research and Development.
56: Some information in thie manual is adapted from the
57: \begin_inset Quotes eld
58: \end_inset
59:
60: LON-CAPA Workshop Demo
61: \begin_inset Quotes erd
62: \end_inset
63:
64: developed by Felicia Berryman in the Laboratory for Instructional Technology
65: in Education.
66: \layout Standard
67:
68: \SpecialChar ~
69:
70: \layout Standard
71: \pagebreak_bottom \align center
72: Laboratory for Instructional Technology in Education
73: \newline
74: and the
75: \newline
76: Office of Medical Education Research and Development
77: \newline
78: Michigan State University
79: \newline
80:
81: \layout Standard
82: \pagebreak_bottom
83:
84: \begin_inset LatexCommand \tableofcontents{}
85:
86: \end_inset
87:
88:
89: \layout Section
90:
91: Introduction to LON-CAPA
92: \layout Comment
93:
94: This is a comment which will not show in any other rendering of this document.
95: I will use them to document my observations as I work through this tutorial.
96: \layout Comment
97:
98: Imagine a big
99: \begin_inset Quotes eld
100: \end_inset
101:
102: IMHO
103: \begin_inset Quotes erd
104: \end_inset
105:
106: on all of these comments; I'm just going to give you my comments straight
107: out.
108: I'm not attached to them and won't be offended by anything you say or do
109: about them.
110: \layout Standard
111:
112: LON-CAPA is a web-based interface that helps to organize and present your
113: course website, deliver and manage problem problems, and manage student
114: enrollment.
115: All author functions are done using a web browser (Netscape 4.x or higher
116: is recommended) and the LON-CAPA Author Interface.
117: The URL for LON-CAPA is
118: \family typewriter
119: http://s10.lite.msu.edu
120: \family default
121: .
122: \layout Standard
123:
124: At this time, you should have:
125: \layout Itemize
126:
127: developed your objectives for your course.
128:
129: \layout Itemize
130:
131: developed your problems for testing and identified the question formats.
132: \layout Subsection
133:
134: About This Manual
135: \layout Standard
136:
137: Throughout this manual, keywords and phrases literally present on the computer
138: screen will be referred to in
139: \series bold
140: bold type
141: \series default
142: .
143: Function names and scripts will be shown in a
144: \family typewriter
145: typewriter font
146: \family default
147: .
148: \layout Standard
149:
150: Chapters
151: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Author Interface}
152:
153: \end_inset
154:
155: through
156: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a Course}
157:
158: \end_inset
159:
160: comprise a tutorial that will introduce you to the authoring system.
161: After that, this document is a reference manual for authoring course materials.
162: \layout Standard
163:
164: For more information, see the website at http://help.loncapa.org/, where you
165: can get help and information.
166: If you cannot find an answer for your question, please email us and let
167: us know, so we put the solution to your problem online.
168: \layout Section
169:
170: The LON-CAPA Author Interface
171: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Author Interface}
172:
173: \end_inset
174:
175:
176: \layout Subsection
177:
178: Login as Course Author
179: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Course Author}
180:
181: \end_inset
182:
183:
184: \layout Standard
185:
186: To begin using LON-CAPA, you first need to log in to your account on LON-CAPA.
187: Open your web browser and navigate to the LON-CAPA URL:
188: \family typewriter
189: http://s10.lite.msu.edu/
190: \family default
191: .
192: You will be presented with a log in screen as in figure
193: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{LON-CAPA Log in screen}
194:
195: \end_inset
196:
197: .
198:
199: \begin_float fig
200: \layout Standard
201: \align center
202:
203: \begin_inset Figure size 297 234
204: file login.eps
205: width 3 50
206: flags 11
207:
208: \end_inset
209:
210:
211: \layout Caption
212:
213:
214: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{LON-CAPA Log in screen}
215:
216: \end_inset
217:
218: LON-CAPA Log in screen
219: \end_float
220: \layout Standard
221:
222: Fill in the Username and Password boxes with your information.
223: Then press the Login button.
224: This will take you to your LON-CAPA User Roles menu.
225: \layout Description
226:
227: Note: Your Username and Password will be given to you by your system administrat
228: or.
229: Both are case sensitive, so make sure you type them with the correct case.
230: \layout Subsection
231:
232:
233: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Author Remote Control}
234:
235: \end_inset
236:
237: Author Remote Control
238: \layout Comment
239:
240: Comment on the remote controls: I'll only mention this once, but imagine
241: this comment exists everywhere a remote control image is used.
242: The whole
243: \begin_inset Quotes eld
244: \end_inset
245:
246: remote control
247: \begin_inset Quotes erd
248: \end_inset
249:
250: metaphor is fundamentally flawed and probably can't be salvaged.
251: Why is it flawed?
252: \layout Comment
253:
254: \SpecialChar ~
255:
256: \layout Comment
257:
258: 1.
259: The remote control invokes a metaphor, that of remote controls.
260: However, remote controls are useful in the real world, despite the overwhelming
261: complexity of modern remotes, for three major reasons: One, they never,
262: ever, ever change.
263: Two, they provide immense amounts of tactile feedback, allowing one to
264: overcome the complexity of using one by putting the knowlege into motor
265: memory.
266: (There are equivalent usability principles in usability, as well; look
267: up Fitt's Law, for instance.) Three, they all basically do the same thing;
268: pick up an unfamiliar TV control and you at least know in advance there
269: will be numbers for channel changing, vol up and down, chan up and down,
270: mute, etc.
271: The remotes used in this system do not have any of these properties.
272: Remotes are actually horrid UI, because they are very, very difficult to
273: learn; they make up for it by being useful and persistent.
274: \layout Comment
275:
276: Further, remotes should *do* things.
277: This remote is like a remote that no matter what button you push, it invokes
278: a menu.
279: Most remotes have
280: \series bold
281: one
282: \series default
283: explicit
284: \begin_inset Quotes eld
285: \end_inset
286:
287: menu
288: \begin_inset Quotes erd
289: \end_inset
290:
291: button to invoke a menu that has all the feature that aren't worth valuable
292: remote control space.
293: \layout Comment
294:
295: In fact, the metaphor is so unsuccessful that any moderately savvy internet
296: user will almost immediately come to conceptualize the remote as just another
297: list of links, albiet a clumsy and inconvenient one.
298: Why not give them that in the first place?
299: \layout Comment
300:
301: \SpecialChar ~
302:
303: \layout Comment
304:
305: 2.
306: Even the simplest
307: \begin_inset Quotes eld
308: \end_inset
309:
310: remote
311: \begin_inset Quotes erd
312: \end_inset
313:
314: I see in the tutorial has eight buttons, which nearly immediately becomes
315: seventeen (!) buttons, all incomprehensible, and I didn't get a chance
316: to count during the interview, but I saw a remote flash by (student remote?
317: admin remote? that wouldn't matter as much) that had at least twenty, probably
318: 24 buttons, again, all or nearly all incomprehensible.
319: This is needlessly intimidating.
320: \layout Comment
321:
322: \SpecialChar ~
323:
324: \layout Comment
325:
326: 3.
327: By commiting to this
328: \begin_inset Quotes eld
329: \end_inset
330:
331: remote control
332: \begin_inset Quotes erd
333: \end_inset
334:
335: layout, you commit to a remote control's layout limitations, except that
336: an actual remote control can get away with a 6pt or smaller font, or wierd
337: specialized symbols, or whatnot.
338: I'm looking at a (real) remote control right now that manages to get
339: \begin_inset Quotes eld
340: \end_inset
341:
342: channel return
343: \begin_inset Quotes erd
344: \end_inset
345:
346: onto one button.
347: That whole phrase fits *twice* into the space the
348: \begin_inset Quotes eld
349: \end_inset
350:
351: ROLES
352: \begin_inset Quotes erd
353: \end_inset
354:
355: button takes up on my printout! So in actuality, you're commiting to something
356: no sane remote control designer could deal with.
357: \layout Comment
358:
359: \SpecialChar ~
360:
361: \layout Comment
362:
363: 4.
364: Requiring the user to mouse over something to see what it does is not a
365: solution.
366: Limiting yourself to an 8 by 2 array of characters to explain yourself
367: compounds the problem even more.
368: (Another over-literal extension of the remote control metaphor.) Also, as
369: you may have observed, the accessibility of this is nil.
370:
371: \layout Comment
372:
373: \SpecialChar ~
374:
375: \layout Comment
376:
377: The upshot is that the only upside to the remote control is a moderately
378: pleasing graphic; the downsides are pretty much everything, up to and including
379: possible illegality under accessability laws.
380: Unfortunately, I do not see any way to salvage any aspect of the remote
381: control; it's going to suck until it's replaced.
382: Pleasing graphics are relatively easy to come by nowadays; it should not
383: drive the design.
384: I'll admit (freely!) I'm not a graphics designer...
385: graphics designers aren't web developers (designers), either.
386: \layout Comment
387:
388: \SpecialChar ~
389:
390: \layout Comment
391:
392: We're data-mining the web logs to see what people actually use.
393: This is good.
394: We may need to do some really simple stuff before he finishes.
395: Raw statistics on what buttons are pressed most often can probably be interpret
396: ed easily enough for our purposes.
397: No matter what the final design is, it should emphasize the two or three
398: commands used day in and day out, as determined by empirical analysis,
399: and shuffle the other commands onto another sub menu or sub menus.
400: Then, use the additional space you'll have (even if you keep the same size
401: window) and actually *spell out* the options.
402:
403: \layout Standard
404:
405: The Author Remote Control, show in figure
406: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Author Remote Control Figure}
407:
408: \end_inset
409:
410: , will automatically load whenever you log in to LON-CAPA as the course
411: instructor.
412: The Author Remote Control is a separate window in your browser, so you
413: may position it on the screen where you can make the best use of it.
414: The Remote Control is a tool that allows you to switch between functions
415: and roles within LON-CAPA.
416:
417: \begin_float fig
418: \layout Standard
419: \align center
420:
421: \begin_inset Figure size 177 420
422: file authorRemote.eps
423: height 3 50
424: flags 9
425:
426: \end_inset
427:
428:
429: \layout Caption
430:
431: Author Remote Control
432: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Author Remote Control Figure}
433:
434: \end_inset
435:
436:
437: \end_float
438: \layout Comment
439:
440: Of the eight choices on this menu, only two (ROLES and LOGOUT) make *any*
441: sort of sense on a first glance.
442: Abbreviations are evil in this sort of application and should be used as
443: a truly last resort.
444: \layout Standard
445:
446: When you move your mouse over the buttons in the remote, the sixteen gray
447: boxes will show a reminder of what that button does.
448: \layout Itemize
449:
450:
451: \series bold
452: ROLES (CHOOSE ROLE)
453: \series default
454: allows you to select which user role to assume for this session.
455: \layout Itemize
456:
457:
458: \series bold
459: COM (COMMUNICATION)
460: \series default
461: allows you to access the communication functions in the system.
462: \layout Itemize
463:
464:
465: \series bold
466: CUSR (USER ROLES)
467: \series default
468: brings up a page that allows you to create new users and change user privileges.
469: \layout Itemize
470:
471:
472: \series bold
473: CSTR (CONSTRUCT)
474: \series default
475: displays the construction space for your account.
476: \layout Itemize
477:
478:
479: \series bold
480: RES (RESOURCE SPACE)
481: \series default
482: allows you to browse the LON-CAPA network directory.
483: \layout Itemize
484:
485:
486: \series bold
487: EGRD (ENTER GRADES)
488: \series default
489: is used to enter grades for students enrolled in your course.
490: \layout Itemize
491:
492:
493: \series bold
494: SRC (SEARCH LIBRARY)
495: \series default
496: brings up a screen that lets you search the LON-CAPA resources using multiple
497: criteria.
498: \layout Itemize
499:
500:
501: \series bold
502: LOGOUT (LOGOUT)
503: \series default
504: will log you out of the LON-CAPA system.
505: \layout Section
506:
507: Creating Content Using LON-CAPA
508: \layout Standard
509:
510: LON-CAPA provides three types of resources for organizing your course website.
511: LON-CAPA refers to these resources as Content Pages, Problems, and Maps.
512: Maps may be either of two types: Sequences or Pages.
513: You will use these LON-CAPA resources to build the outline, or structure,
514: for the presentation of your course to your students.
515: \layout Itemize
516:
517: A
518: \series bold
519: Content Page
520: \series default
521:
522: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Content Page}
523:
524: \end_inset
525:
526: displays course content.
527: It is essentially a conventional HTML page.
528:
529: \layout Comment
530:
531: Check this; is it exactly like HTML pages?
532: \layout Itemize
533:
534: A
535: \series bold
536: Problem
537: \series default
538:
539: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Problem}
540:
541: \end_inset
542:
543: resource represents problems for the students to solve, with answers stored
544: in the system.
545: These resources are stored in files that must use the extension
546: \begin_inset Quotes eld
547: \end_inset
548:
549: .problem
550: \begin_inset Quotes erd
551: \end_inset
552:
553: .
554: \layout Itemize
555:
556: A
557: \series bold
558: Map
559: \series default
560:
561: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Map}
562:
563: \end_inset
564:
565: resource of the
566: \series bold
567: Sequence
568: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Sequence}
569:
570: \end_inset
571:
572:
573: \series default
574: type represents a programmed series of events.
575: The users of this resource can use buttons on their remote or the NAV button
576: to follow the sequence.
577: These resources are stored in files that must use the extension
578: \begin_inset Quotes eld
579: \end_inset
580:
581: .sequence
582: \begin_inset Quotes erd
583: \end_inset
584:
585: .
586: \layout Comment
587:
588: What
589: \begin_inset Quotes eld
590: \end_inset
591:
592: arrow keys
593: \begin_inset Quotes erd
594: \end_inset
595:
596: ? Surely not the ones on the keyboard\SpecialChar \ldots{}
597:
598: \layout Itemize
599:
600: A
601: \series bold
602: Map
603: \series default
604:
605: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Map}
606:
607: \end_inset
608:
609: resource of the
610: \series bold
611: Page
612: \series default
613:
614: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Page}
615:
616: \end_inset
617:
618: type display multiple resources together.
619: For example, a page of problems will appears as a problem set.
620: These resources are stored in files that must use the extension
621: \begin_inset Quotes eld
622: \end_inset
623:
624: .page
625: \begin_inset Quotes erd
626: \end_inset
627:
628: .
629: \layout Subsection
630:
631: Description of the Construction Space
632: \layout Standard
633:
634: \begin_float fig
635: \layout Standard
636: \align center
637:
638: \begin_inset Figure size 476 42
639: file constructionSpace.eps
640: width 3 80
641: flags 9
642:
643: \end_inset
644:
645:
646: \layout Caption
647:
648: Construction Space
649: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Construction Space Figure}
650:
651: \end_inset
652:
653:
654: \end_float
655: The Construction Space, as seen in figure
656: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Construction Space Figure}
657:
658: \end_inset
659:
660: , is the section of LON-CAPA where you create and manage your course resources.
661: The Construction Space consists of a green tool bar at the top of the page
662: and a list of all directories and resources below.
663: \layout Standard
664:
665:
666: \begin_inset Tabular
667: <lyxtabular version="2" rows="10" columns="2">
668: <features rotate="false" islongtable="true" endhead="0" endfirsthead="0" endfoot="0" endlastfoot="0">
669: <column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="false" width="" special="">
670: <column alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="5in" special="">
671: <row topline="true" bottomline="true" newpage="false">
672: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="false" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
673: \begin_inset Text
674:
675: \layout Standard
676:
677:
678: \series bold
679: Button Name
680: \end_inset
681: </cell>
682: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="true" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
683: \begin_inset Text
684:
685: \layout Standard
686:
687:
688: \series bold
689: Description
690: \end_inset
691: </cell>
692: </row>
693: <row topline="true" bottomline="false" newpage="false">
694: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="false" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
695: \begin_inset Text
696:
697: \layout Standard
698:
699: Publish this Resource
700: \end_inset
701: </cell>
702: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="true" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
703: \begin_inset Text
704:
705: \layout Standard
706:
707: Opens the Resource Publishing window.
708: \end_inset
709: </cell>
710: </row>
711: <row topline="true" bottomline="false" newpage="false">
712: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="false" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
713: \begin_inset Text
714:
715: \layout Standard
716:
717: List Directory
718: \end_inset
719: </cell>
720: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="true" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
721: \begin_inset Text
722:
723: \layout Standard
724:
725: Lists the contents of the current working directory
726: \end_inset
727: </cell>
728: </row>
729: <row topline="true" bottomline="false" newpage="false">
730: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="false" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
731: \begin_inset Text
732:
733: \layout Standard
734:
735: Copy
736: \end_inset
737: </cell>
738: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="true" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
739: \begin_inset Text
740:
741: \layout Standard
742:
743: Type a new name in the entry box to make a copy the current resource
744: \end_inset
745: </cell>
746: </row>
747: <row topline="true" bottomline="false" newpage="false">
748: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="false" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
749: \begin_inset Text
750:
751: \layout Standard
752:
753: Browse
754: \end_inset
755: </cell>
756: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="true" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
757: \begin_inset Text
758:
759: \layout Standard
760:
761: Helps you select a file to upload
762: \end_inset
763: </cell>
764: </row>
765: <row topline="true" bottomline="false" newpage="false">
766: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="false" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
767: \begin_inset Text
768:
769: \layout Standard
770:
771: Upload File
772: \end_inset
773: </cell>
774: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="true" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
775: \begin_inset Text
776:
777: \layout Standard
778:
779: Uploads the selected file to your Construction Space
780: \end_inset
781: </cell>
782: </row>
783: <row topline="true" bottomline="false" newpage="false">
784: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="false" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
785: \begin_inset Text
786:
787: \layout Standard
788:
789: Retrieve Old Version
790: \end_inset
791: </cell>
792: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="true" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
793: \begin_inset Text
794:
795: \layout Standard
796:
797: Load an older version of a resource if you have multiple versions
798: \end_inset
799: </cell>
800: </row>
801: <row topline="true" bottomline="false" newpage="false">
802: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="false" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
803: \begin_inset Text
804:
805: \layout Standard
806:
807: Delete
808: \end_inset
809: </cell>
810: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="true" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
811: \begin_inset Text
812:
813: \layout Standard
814:
815: Deletes the current resource
816: \end_inset
817: </cell>
818: </row>
819: <row topline="true" bottomline="false" newpage="false">
820: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="false" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
821: \begin_inset Text
822:
823: \layout Standard
824:
825: Rename
826: \end_inset
827: </cell>
828: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="true" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
829: \begin_inset Text
830:
831: \layout Standard
832:
833: Type a new name in the associated entry box to rename a resource
834: \end_inset
835: </cell>
836: </row>
837: <row topline="true" bottomline="true" newpage="false">
838: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="false" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
839: \begin_inset Text
840:
841: \layout Standard
842:
843: New Subdirectory
844: \end_inset
845: </cell>
846: <cell multicolumn="0" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="false" leftline="true" rightline="true" rotate="false" usebox="none" width="" special="">
847: \begin_inset Text
848:
849: \layout Standard
850:
851: Type a name in the entry box to create a new directory
852: \end_inset
853: </cell>
854: </row>
855: </lyxtabular>
856:
857: \end_inset
858:
859:
860: \layout Subsection
861:
862: How to Create New Content Pages
863: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Creating New Content Pages}
864:
865: \end_inset
866:
867:
868: \layout Standard
869:
870:
871: \series bold
872: Content Pages
873: \series default
874: are HTML documents that display the course information you are presenting.
875: To create new Content Pages, do the following:
876: \layout Comment
877:
878: Is step one necessary? I don't see how it could be.
879: \layout Enumerate
880:
881: Click the
882: \series bold
883: CSTR
884: \series default
885: button on the LON-CAPA remote.
886: You web page will change to your Construction Space.
887: \layout Enumerate
888:
889: In Location bar of your browser, type in full URL of the new Content Page.
890: Make sure the last part of the URL ends with
891: \begin_inset Quotes eld
892: \end_inset
893:
894: .html
895: \begin_inset Quotes erd
896: \end_inset
897:
898: , for example,
899: \emph on
900: http://www.s10.lite.msu.edu/priv/\SpecialChar \-
901: directory/new_resource.html
902: \emph default
903: .
904: Press the Return or Enter key.
905: \layout Enumerate
906:
907: You should see something like the following message:
908: \series bold
909: File not found: /home/wmsonj/priv/\SpecialChar \-
910: directory/new_resource.html
911: \series default
912: , and an Edit button.
913: Click the
914: \begin_inset Quotes eld
915: \end_inset
916:
917: Edit
918: \begin_inset Quotes erd
919: \end_inset
920:
921: button, and an HTML editor will open with a simple page template.
922: \layout Enumerate
923:
924: Type the content into the editor,
925: \emph on
926: OR
927: \emph default
928: copy and paste HTML source code into the editor.
929: \layout Enumerate
930:
931: Optionally, click the
932: \series bold
933: View
934: \series default
935: button to preview your Content Page.
936: \layout Enumerate
937:
938: Finally, click the
939: \series bold
940: Save this
941: \series default
942: button
943: \emph on
944: OR
945: \emph default
946: click the
947: \series bold
948: Save and then attempt to clean HTML
949: \series default
950: button.
951: \layout Standard
952:
953: Repeat this process as many times as necessary to create your Content Pages.
954:
955: \layout Standard
956:
957: If you're following this as a tutorial, create at least one content page,
958: which we'll use later as raw material.
959: \layout Subsection
960:
961: How to Edit Existing Content Pages
962: \layout Standard
963:
964: You may edit any any Content Pages that have been created.
965: \layout Standard
966:
967: To edit Content Pages:
968: \layout Enumerate
969:
970: Click the
971: \series bold
972: CSTR
973: \series default
974: button on the LON-CAPA Remote.
975: Your web page will change to your Construction Space.
976: \layout Enumerate
977:
978: Click on the link for the name of the Content Page to edit.
979: The Content Page editor will load and display the current edition of the
980: Content Page.
981: \layout Enumerate
982:
983: Press the Edit button.
984: Edit the HTML code, or copy and paste HTML source code into the editor.
985: \layout Enumerate
986:
987: Optionally, click the
988: \series bold
989: View
990: \series default
991: button to preview your Content Page.
992: \layout Enumerate
993:
994: Finally, click the
995: \series bold
996: Save this
997: \series default
998: button
999: \emph on
1000: OR
1001: \emph default
1002: click the
1003: \series bold
1004: Save and then attempt to clean HTML
1005: \series default
1006: button.
1007: If you do not do this, your work will not be saved.
1008: \layout Subsection
1009:
1010: Creating Online Problems Using LON-CAPA
1011: \layout Standard
1012:
1013: If you're following this as a tutorial, go ahead and make one of each of
1014: these problem types now.
1015: We'll be using them later as raw material to assemble maps and sequences.
1016: \layout Subsubsection
1017:
1018: Problems Types
1019: \layout Standard
1020:
1021: There are five types of problems that can be created with the LON-CAPA system:
1022: Radio Response, Option Response, String Response, Numerical Response, and
1023: Formula Response.
1024: You will need to identify which types of problem you want to use and create
1025: appropriate questions for your course.
1026: \layout Subsubsection
1027:
1028: Foils
1029: \layout Standard
1030:
1031: In the LON-CAPA system, a
1032: \series bold
1033: Foil
1034: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Foil}
1035:
1036: \end_inset
1037:
1038:
1039: \series default
1040: is a choice in a Radio Response or Option Response problem.
1041: For instance, True/False problems have two foils, one for True, and one
1042: for False.
1043: Foils do not need to be text; they can be images or other resources.
1044: \layout Subsubsection
1045:
1046: Radio Response
1047: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Radio Response}
1048:
1049: \end_inset
1050:
1051: Problems
1052: \layout Standard
1053:
1054:
1055: \series bold
1056: Radio Response
1057: \series default
1058: problems represent multiple choice questions.
1059: A True/False problem is a special case of Radio Response problem with two
1060: foils, True or False.
1061: \layout Standard
1062:
1063: Multiple choice problems contain between 3 and 10 foils.
1064: You may display from three to five foils for each problem and the system
1065: randomly picks the choices that are presented to the student.
1066: \layout Comment
1067:
1068: Eh? If this means what I think it means, clarify.
1069: Is the system really incapable of showing eight choices all at once?
1070: \layout Subsubsection
1071:
1072: Option Response
1073: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Option Response}
1074:
1075: \end_inset
1076:
1077: Problems
1078: \layout Standard
1079:
1080: Option Response problems present foils to the student with drop-down boxes.
1081: A group of foils is created for each concept group, and the system will
1082: pick one to present to the student from each group.
1083: The student must match each of his or her questions correctly to the possible
1084: answers before receiving credit for the problem.
1085: For more details, see the Create Option Response (
1086: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Create Option Response Problem}
1087:
1088: \end_inset
1089:
1090: ).
1091: \layout Subsubsection
1092:
1093: String Response Problems
1094: \layout Standard
1095:
1096:
1097: \series bold
1098:
1099: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{String Response}
1100:
1101: \end_inset
1102:
1103: String Response
1104: \series default
1105: problems are problems in which the student submits a string of characters
1106: for the answer.
1107: Examples of string response questions are vocabulary tests, short answer
1108: and entering chemical formulas.
1109: \layout Standard
1110:
1111: Note that it is easy to abuse String Response problems.
1112: For instance, consider the question
1113: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1114: \end_inset
1115:
1116: Who wrote 'Huckleberry Finn'?
1117: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1118: \end_inset
1119:
1120: If you tell the system the answer is
1121: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1122: \end_inset
1123:
1124: Mark Twain
1125: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1126: \end_inset
1127:
1128: , and a student answers
1129: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1130: \end_inset
1131:
1132: Twain
1133: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1134: \end_inset
1135:
1136: , the system will mark it wrong.
1137: If they answer
1138: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1139: \end_inset
1140:
1141: Samuel Clements
1142: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1143: \end_inset
1144:
1145: , then the student will definately get it wrong.
1146: There is some room for flexibility in the string processing, but it can
1147: be difficult to get it all right.
1148: Before you use a String Response problem, be sure you can easily characterize
1149: correct answers.
1150: \layout Subsubsection
1151:
1152: Numerical Response Problems
1153: \layout Standard
1154:
1155:
1156: \series bold
1157: Numerical Response
1158: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Numerical Response}
1159:
1160: \end_inset
1161:
1162:
1163: \series default
1164: problems are answered by entering a number and (optionally) a unit, such
1165: as 2.5 m/s^2.
1166: Tolerance and significant digits can be specified as well.
1167: \layout Subsubsection
1168:
1169: Formula Response Problems
1170: \layout Standard
1171:
1172: Formula Response problems are questions in which the student types in a
1173: math formula for the answer.
1174: If the answer is
1175: \begin_inset Formula \( x^{2}-11 \)
1176: \end_inset
1177:
1178: , the student can enter "x^2 - 11", "x*x - 11", "x^2 + 21 - 10", etc.
1179: Functions such as cos, sin, and exp are accepted as well as the operators
1180: (), +, -, *, and /.
1181: \layout Subsection
1182:
1183: Creating Radio Response Problems
1184: \layout Standard
1185:
1186: \begin_float fig
1187: \layout Standard
1188: \align center
1189:
1190: \begin_inset Figure size 476 201
1191: file creatingNewProblemResource.eps
1192: width 3 80
1193: flags 13
1194:
1195: \end_inset
1196:
1197:
1198: \layout Caption
1199:
1200: Creating A New Problem Resource
1201: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Creating a new problem resource}
1202:
1203: \end_inset
1204:
1205:
1206: \end_float
1207: To create an Radio Response
1208: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Radio Response}
1209:
1210: \end_inset
1211:
1212: problem, create a new resource as described in section
1213: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}
1214:
1215: \end_inset
1216:
1217: .
1218: This is a
1219: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1220: \end_inset
1221:
1222: problem
1223: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1224: \end_inset
1225:
1226: resource so the URL must end in
1227: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1228: \end_inset
1229:
1230: .problem
1231: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1232: \end_inset
1233:
1234: .
1235: You should see a screen as in figure
1236: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}
1237:
1238: \end_inset
1239:
1240: .
1241: \begin_float fig
1242: \layout Standard
1243: \align center
1244:
1245: \begin_inset Figure size 476 283
1246: file radioResponse2.eps
1247: width 3 80
1248: flags 9
1249:
1250: \end_inset
1251:
1252:
1253: \layout Caption
1254:
1255: Radio Response Creation Form
1256: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Radio Response Creation Form}
1257:
1258: \end_inset
1259:
1260:
1261: \end_float
1262: You will need to create the posible answers and the questions.
1263: \layout Enumerate
1264:
1265: In the drop-down option box as seen in
1266: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}
1267:
1268: \end_inset
1269:
1270: , select
1271: \series bold
1272: Radio Response Problem
1273: \series default
1274: , and click the
1275: \series bold
1276: New Problem
1277: \series default
1278: button.
1279: \layout Enumerate
1280:
1281: Click the
1282: \series bold
1283: Edit
1284: \series default
1285: button above the sample problem to enter edit mode.
1286: \layout Enumerate
1287:
1288: In the
1289: \series bold
1290: Text Block
1291: \series default
1292: at the top of the problem, remove the sample text and type the question
1293: for your problem.
1294: For example,
1295: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1296: \end_inset
1297:
1298: What is two plus two?
1299: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1300: \end_inset
1301:
1302:
1303: \layout Enumerate
1304:
1305: Locate the
1306: \series bold
1307: Response: One of N statements
1308: \series default
1309: element.
1310: In the
1311: \series bold
1312: Max Number of Shown Foils
1313: \series default
1314: text box, place the number of wrong answers you wish to supply to each
1315: student, in addition to the correct one.
1316: For instance, if you want to display four choices, where one is correct
1317: and three are incorrect, enter
1318: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1319: \end_inset
1320:
1321: 3
1322: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1323: \end_inset
1324:
1325: into this box.
1326: \layout Enumerate
1327:
1328: Locate
1329: \series bold
1330: Foil 1
1331: \series default
1332: .
1333: Remove the text that is in the text box and put the
1334: \emph on
1335: correct answer
1336: \emph default
1337: for the problem in the
1338: \series bold
1339: Text Block
1340: \series default
1341: .
1342: For example,
1343: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1344: \end_inset
1345:
1346: Four.
1347: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1348: \end_inset
1349:
1350:
1351: \layout Enumerate
1352:
1353: Below it, you will see
1354: \series bold
1355: Foil 2
1356: \series default
1357: .
1358: Remove the text in the text box and put an
1359: \emph on
1360: incorrect answer
1361: \emph default
1362: for the problem.
1363: For instance,
1364: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1365: \end_inset
1366:
1367: Purple.
1368: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1369: \end_inset
1370:
1371:
1372: \layout Enumerate
1373:
1374: Repeat the previous step until you've filled in all of the other incorrect
1375: answers you wish to offer the students.
1376: \layout Enumerate
1377:
1378: Once you've filled in all the incorrect answers, change the
1379: \series bold
1380: Correct Option
1381: \series default
1382: s on the other foils to
1383: \series bold
1384: Unused
1385: \series default
1386: .
1387: \layout Enumerate
1388:
1389: \begin_float fig
1390: \layout Standard
1391: \align center
1392:
1393: \begin_inset Figure size 476 92
1394: file radioResponseHint.eps
1395: width 3 80
1396: flags 9
1397:
1398: \end_inset
1399:
1400:
1401: \layout Caption
1402:
1403: Hint Element
1404: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Radio Response Hint Element Figure}
1405:
1406: \end_inset
1407:
1408:
1409: \end_float
1410: Scroll down to the Hint element, as shown in Figure
1411: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Radio Response Hint Element Figure}
1412:
1413: \end_inset
1414:
1415: .
1416: Type some text that will help students when they answer incorrectly.
1417: \layout Enumerate
1418:
1419: Click the
1420: \series bold
1421: Submit Changes
1422: \series default
1423: button located at the top of the frame.
1424: If you do not do this, none of your changes will be saved.
1425: \layout Standard
1426:
1427: The
1428: \series bold
1429: Correct Option
1430: \series default
1431: drop down box controls whether or not a given answer will be accepted as
1432: a correct answer.
1433: If it is set to
1434: \series bold
1435: true
1436: \series default
1437: , that answer will be considered a correct answer.
1438: Any number of foils can be marked
1439: \series bold
1440: true
1441: \series default
1442: , so you can have questions with multiple correct answers.
1443: If it is set to
1444: \series bold
1445: false
1446: \series default
1447: , it will be considered an incorrect answer.
1448: If it is set to
1449: \series bold
1450: Unused
1451: \series default
1452: , the system will not use that foil.
1453: \layout Paragraph
1454:
1455: Randomization
1456: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Randomization}
1457:
1458: \end_inset
1459:
1460:
1461: \layout Standard
1462:
1463: LON-CAPA will randomize what choices are presented to each student, and
1464: randomize the order they are presented in.
1465: If you wish to present each student the same choices, make sure the
1466: \series bold
1467: Maximum Number of Shown Foils
1468: \series default
1469: box contains the number of incorrect answers, which will force them to
1470: all be displayed.
1471: If you wish to force the system to display the foils in the order you have
1472: created them in, type the HTML tag
1473: \series bold
1474: <norandom>
1475: \series default
1476: into your problem text.
1477: This can be useful with the ever-popular
1478: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1479: \end_inset
1480:
1481: All of the above
1482: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1483: \end_inset
1484:
1485: choice, which must be displayed in the correct place or its meaning will
1486: change.
1487: \layout Subsubsection
1488:
1489: True/False
1490: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{True/False Problem}
1491:
1492: \end_inset
1493:
1494: Problem
1495: \layout Standard
1496:
1497: A True/False problem is a Radio Response problem with two choices, True
1498: and False.
1499: set the
1500: \series bold
1501: Maximum Number of Shown Foils
1502: \series default
1503: to
1504: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1505: \end_inset
1506:
1507: 1
1508: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1509: \end_inset
1510:
1511: , and mark the correct answer
1512: \series bold
1513: true
1514: \series default
1515: .
1516: For example, for the True/False question
1517: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1518: \end_inset
1519:
1520: Napolean conquered Japan in the year 189 A.D.
1521: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1522: \end_inset
1523:
1524: , mark the foil containing the answer
1525: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1526: \end_inset
1527:
1528: False
1529: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1530: \end_inset
1531:
1532: as
1533: \series bold
1534: true
1535: \series default
1536: , because it is the correct answer.
1537: \layout Subsection
1538:
1539: Option Response
1540: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Option Response}
1541:
1542: \end_inset
1543:
1544:
1545: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Create Option Response Problem}
1546:
1547: \end_inset
1548:
1549: Problems
1550: \layout Standard
1551:
1552: \begin_float fig
1553: \layout Standard
1554: \align center
1555:
1556: \begin_inset Figure size 476 280
1557: file optionResponseProblem.eps
1558: width 3 80
1559: flags 9
1560:
1561: \end_inset
1562:
1563:
1564: \layout Caption
1565:
1566: Option Response Problem
1567: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Option Response Problem Figure}
1568:
1569: \end_inset
1570:
1571:
1572: \end_float
1573: Each Option Response problem has three parts:
1574: \layout Enumerate
1575:
1576: The Concept Groups
1577: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Concept Groups}
1578:
1579: \end_inset
1580:
1581:
1582: \layout Enumerate
1583:
1584: The options for the students to select, by default
1585: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1586: \end_inset
1587:
1588: True
1589: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1590: \end_inset
1591:
1592: and
1593: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1594: \end_inset
1595:
1596: False
1597: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1598: \end_inset
1599:
1600:
1601: \layout Enumerate
1602:
1603: The hint for the student
1604: \layout Standard
1605:
1606: Each
1607: \series bold
1608: Concept Group
1609: \series default
1610: has some number of foils representing questions which are conceptually
1611: related.
1612: Option Response Problems can have between 4 and 8 Concept Groups in a problem.
1613: When the Option Response problem is presented to a student, the LON-CAPA
1614: system will randomly select one foil from each Concept Group and present
1615: it to the student.
1616: In order to receive credit for the problem, the student must answer all
1617: of the Concept Group foils correctly.
1618: \layout Subsubsection
1619:
1620: Example: Concept Group
1621: \layout Standard
1622:
1623: For example, a Concept Group may contain the following True/False questions:
1624: \layout Itemize
1625:
1626:
1627: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1628: \end_inset
1629:
1630: Mark Twain
1631: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1632: \end_inset
1633:
1634: is the pen name of Samuel Clemens.
1635: \layout Itemize
1636:
1637: Mark Twain wrote
1638: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1639: \end_inset
1640:
1641: The Call of the Wild
1642: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1643: \end_inset
1644:
1645: .
1646: \layout Itemize
1647:
1648: Mark Twain wrote
1649: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1650: \end_inset
1651:
1652: Huckleberry Finn
1653: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1654: \end_inset
1655:
1656: .
1657: \layout Itemize
1658:
1659: Mark Twain spent most of his life in the Congo.
1660: \layout Standard
1661:
1662: For each foil, the author marks it True or False.
1663: When the student logs on and attempts to answer this question, the student
1664: will see only one of the four choices for that concept group.
1665: They then go on to do the remaining three to seven Concept Groups in this
1666: question before submitting their answer.
1667: \layout Subsubsection
1668:
1669: Example: Matching Problem
1670: \layout Standard
1671:
1672: You might want to ask the student to match musical compositions with their
1673: composers.
1674: You could create an Option Response problem with 4 Concept Groups, and
1675: place the following four things each in their own concept group:
1676: \layout Itemize
1677:
1678: Claire de Lune
1679: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Clair de Lune}
1680:
1681: \end_inset
1682:
1683:
1684: \begin_float footnote
1685: \layout Standard
1686:
1687: Debussy.
1688: \end_float
1689: \layout Itemize
1690:
1691: The Pastoral Symphony
1692: \begin_float footnote
1693: \layout Standard
1694:
1695: Beethoven's Sixth Symphony.
1696: \end_float
1697: \layout Itemize
1698:
1699: Sleeping Beauty Suite
1700: \begin_float footnote
1701: \layout Standard
1702:
1703: Tchaikovsky.
1704: \end_float
1705: \layout Itemize
1706:
1707: The Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairies
1708: \begin_float footnote
1709: \layout Standard
1710:
1711: Also Tchaikovsky, from The Nutcracker.
1712: \end_float
1713: \layout Standard
1714:
1715: You could then add the following options to the option list:
1716: \layout Itemize
1717:
1718: Debussy
1719: \layout Itemize
1720:
1721: Beethoven
1722: \layout Itemize
1723:
1724: Schubert
1725: \layout Itemize
1726:
1727: Tchaikovsky
1728: \layout Itemize
1729:
1730: Bach
1731: \layout Standard
1732:
1733: The same answers can be used more then once, or not at all, as you see fit.
1734: It is conventional to place such a warning in the
1735: \series bold
1736: Text Block
1737: \series default
1738: describing the problem to the students.
1739: \layout Subsubsection
1740:
1741: Creating Option Response Problems
1742: \layout Standard
1743:
1744: To create an Option Response problem, create a new resource as described
1745: in section
1746: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}
1747:
1748: \end_inset
1749:
1750: .
1751: This is a
1752: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1753: \end_inset
1754:
1755: problem
1756: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1757: \end_inset
1758:
1759: resource so the URL must end in
1760: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1761: \end_inset
1762:
1763: .problem
1764: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1765: \end_inset
1766:
1767: .
1768: You should see a screen as in figure
1769: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}
1770:
1771: \end_inset
1772:
1773: .
1774: \layout Enumerate
1775:
1776: In the drop-down option box as seen in
1777: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}
1778:
1779: \end_inset
1780:
1781: , select
1782: \series bold
1783: Option Response Problem with
1784: \emph on
1785: N
1786: \emph default
1787: Concept Groups
1788: \series default
1789: , where
1790: \series bold
1791: \emph on
1792: N
1793: \series default
1794: \emph default
1795: is the number of Concept Groups you wish the problem to have, and click
1796: the
1797: \series bold
1798: New Problem
1799: \series default
1800: button.
1801: \layout Enumerate
1802:
1803: Click the
1804: \series bold
1805: Edit
1806: \series default
1807: button above the sample problem to enter edit mode.
1808: \begin_float fig
1809: \layout Standard
1810: \align center
1811:
1812: \begin_inset Figure size 476 276
1813: file optionResponseEditing.eps
1814: width 3 80
1815: flags 9
1816:
1817: \end_inset
1818:
1819:
1820: \layout Caption
1821:
1822: Option Response Editor
1823: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Option Response Editor Figure}
1824:
1825: \end_inset
1826:
1827:
1828: \end_float
1829: You should see the Option Response page open up, which should look something
1830: like what you see in figure
1831: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Option Response Editor Figure}
1832:
1833: \end_inset
1834:
1835: .
1836: \layout Enumerate
1837:
1838: Replace the text in the
1839: \series bold
1840: Text Block
1841: \series default
1842: with text that explains the conditions for your problem.
1843: \layout Enumerate
1844:
1845: Locate the
1846: \series bold
1847: Max Number of Shown Foils
1848: \series default
1849: element and type a number from 1 to 8 to display that number of questions.
1850: You cannot display more then one foil from each concept group, so this
1851: option will only reduce the number of foils displayed, if it is less then
1852: the number of concept groups in your Option Response problem.
1853: \layout Enumerate
1854:
1855: Now you must define the options the students can select.
1856: For each option you wish to add to the Option Response question, type the
1857: option into the
1858: \series bold
1859: Add new Option
1860: \series default
1861: box in the
1862: \series bold
1863: Select Options
1864: \series default
1865: section, then hit the
1866: \series bold
1867: Save Changes
1868: \series default
1869: button.
1870: If you do not hit the
1871: \series bold
1872: Save Changes
1873: \series default
1874: button, your option will not be selectable below.
1875: \layout Enumerate
1876:
1877: To delete the irrelevant options from the Option Response question, select
1878: that option from the
1879: \series bold
1880: Delete Option
1881: \series default
1882: dropdown, and hit the Save Changes button.
1883: Do that for each option you wish to remove.
1884: \layout Enumerate
1885:
1886: Now, you need to define the question foils.
1887: Look for the foil with the name
1888: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1889: \end_inset
1890:
1891: One
1892: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1893: \end_inset
1894:
1895: .
1896: Type the question into the text box, and select the correct option for
1897: that question from the
1898: \series bold
1899: Correct Option
1900: \series default
1901: drop-down menu.
1902: Click
1903: \series bold
1904: Submit Changes
1905: \series default
1906: to save this question foil.
1907: Repeat this step for all remaining foils.
1908: \layout Enumerate
1909:
1910: Locate the foils that are not being used.
1911: In their
1912: \series bold
1913: Delete
1914: \series default
1915: menus, set the value to
1916: \series bold
1917: Yes
1918: \series default
1919: .
1920: Once you've set the Delete menu value correctly for all the foils, click
1921: the
1922: \series bold
1923: Save Changes
1924: \series default
1925: button.
1926: \layout Enumerate
1927:
1928: In the Hint area, provide a helpful hint for users who get the problem incorrect
1929: , and click the
1930: \series bold
1931: Save Changes
1932: \series default
1933: button.
1934: \layout Subsection
1935:
1936: Creating a String Response Problem
1937: \layout Standard
1938:
1939: To create an String Response problem, create a new resource as described
1940: in section
1941: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}
1942:
1943: \end_inset
1944:
1945: .
1946: This is a
1947: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1948: \end_inset
1949:
1950: problem
1951: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1952: \end_inset
1953:
1954: resource so the URL must end in
1955: \begin_inset Quotes eld
1956: \end_inset
1957:
1958: .problem
1959: \begin_inset Quotes erd
1960: \end_inset
1961:
1962: .
1963: You should see a screen as in figure
1964: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}
1965:
1966: \end_inset
1967:
1968: .
1969: \layout Enumerate
1970:
1971: In the drop-down option box as seen in
1972: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}
1973:
1974: \end_inset
1975:
1976: , select
1977: \series bold
1978: Simple String Response Problem
1979: \series default
1980: , and click the
1981: \series bold
1982: New Problem
1983: \series default
1984: button.
1985: \layout Enumerate
1986:
1987: Click the
1988: \series bold
1989: Edit
1990: \series default
1991: button above the sample problem to enter edit mode.
1992: \begin_float fig
1993: \layout Standard
1994: \align center
1995:
1996: \begin_inset Figure size 476 320
1997: file stringResponseEditor.eps
1998: width 3 80
1999: flags 9
2000:
2001: \end_inset
2002:
2003:
2004: \layout Caption
2005:
2006: String Response Editor
2007: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{String Response Editor Figure}
2008:
2009: \end_inset
2010:
2011:
2012: \end_float
2013: You should see the String Response editor page open up, which should look
2014: something like what you see in figure
2015: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{String Response Editor Figure}
2016:
2017: \end_inset
2018:
2019: .
2020: \layout Enumerate
2021:
2022: Clear the text from the Text Block at the top of the problem, and type in
2023: your problem's question.
2024: \layout Enumerate
2025:
2026: In the
2027: \series bold
2028: Answer Box
2029: \series default
2030: , type the correct answer.
2031: \layout Enumerate
2032:
2033: Select the answer condition from the drop down box.
2034: There are three cases to choose from:
2035: \begin_deeper
2036: \layout Enumerate
2037:
2038:
2039: \series bold
2040: cs
2041: \series default
2042: : This means
2043: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2044: \end_inset
2045:
2046: Case Sensitive
2047: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2048: \end_inset
2049:
2050: .
2051: For example, this is useful in Chemistry, where HO and Ho are completely
2052: different answers
2053: \begin_float footnote
2054: \end_deeper
2055: \layout Standard
2056:
2057:
2058: \series bold
2059: HO
2060: \series default
2061: is hydrogen monoxide, a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas.
2062:
2063: \series bold
2064: Ho
2065: \series default
2066: is the element 67, Holmium, in the Lanthanides.
2067: \end_float
2068: .
2069: The student must match the case of the answer.
2070: \begin_deeper
2071: \layout Enumerate
2072:
2073:
2074: \series bold
2075: ci
2076: \series default
2077: : This means
2078: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2079: \end_inset
2080:
2081: Case Insenstive
2082: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2083: \end_inset
2084:
2085: .
2086: The system does not use the case of the letters to determine the correctness
2087: of the answer.
2088: If the correct answer is
2089: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2090: \end_inset
2091:
2092: car
2093: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2094: \end_inset
2095:
2096: , the system will accept
2097: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2098: \end_inset
2099:
2100: car
2101: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2102: \end_inset
2103:
2104: ,
2105: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2106: \end_inset
2107:
2108: CAR
2109: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2110: \end_inset
2111:
2112: ,
2113: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2114: \end_inset
2115:
2116: Car
2117: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2118: \end_inset
2119:
2120: ,
2121: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2122: \end_inset
2123:
2124: caR
2125: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2126: \end_inset
2127:
2128: , etc.
2129: \layout Enumerate
2130:
2131:
2132: \series bold
2133: mc
2134: \series default
2135: : This means
2136: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2137: \end_inset
2138:
2139: Multiple Choice
2140: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2141: \end_inset
2142:
2143: .
2144: The student's answers must contain the same letters as the question author's,
2145: but order is unimportent.
2146: This is usually used to give a multiple choice question in the question's
2147:
2148: \series bold
2149: Text Block
2150: \series default
2151: , which may have several correct parts.
2152: If the author sets the correct answer as
2153: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2154: \end_inset
2155:
2156: bcg
2157: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2158: \end_inset
2159:
2160: , the system will accept
2161: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2162: \end_inset
2163:
2164: bcg
2165: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2166: \end_inset
2167:
2168: ,
2169: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2170: \end_inset
2171:
2172: cbg
2173: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2174: \end_inset
2175:
2176: ,
2177: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2178: \end_inset
2179:
2180: gcb
2181: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2182: \end_inset
2183:
2184: , etc., but not
2185: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2186: \end_inset
2187:
2188: bc
2189: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2190: \end_inset
2191:
2192: or
2193: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2194: \end_inset
2195:
2196: abcg
2197: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2198: \end_inset
2199:
2200: .
2201: \layout Standard
2202:
2203: It is conventional to tell the students whether the question is case sensitive
2204: or not.
2205: \end_deeper
2206: \layout Enumerate
2207:
2208: Optionally, locate the
2209: \series bold
2210: Single Line Text Entry Area
2211: \series default
2212: block and set a length in the Size box.
2213: This will only affect the size of the box on the screen; if you set the
2214: box size to 2, the student can still enter 3 or more letters in their answer.
2215: \begin_deeper
2216: \layout Comment
2217:
2218: This seems like a great feature to either eliminate, or make useful.
2219: Allowing the teacher to limit it to 3, and then not letting the student
2220: type more then 3 chars might be a way of giving the student a hint.
2221: Probably not worth it, as the problem text can always just say
2222: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2223: \end_inset
2224:
2225: Pick two of the following
2226: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2227: \end_inset
2228:
2229: .
2230: This is probably not a useful feature.
2231: \end_deeper
2232: \layout Enumerate
2233:
2234: Scroll down to the Hint element, and type some text that will help students
2235: when they answer incorrectly.
2236: \layout Enumerate
2237:
2238: Click the Submit Changes button.
2239: \layout Subsection
2240:
2241: Creating Numerical Response And Formula Response Problems
2242: \layout Standard
2243:
2244: Numerical Response problems are answered by entering a number and an optional
2245: unit.
2246: For instance, a numerical response problem might have an answer of
2247: \begin_inset Formula \( 2m/s^{2} \)
2248: \end_inset
2249:
2250: .
2251: Formula Response problems are answered by entering a mathematical formula.
2252: For instance, a numerical response problem might have an answer of
2253: \begin_inset Formula \( x^{2}+11 \)
2254: \end_inset
2255:
2256: .
2257: The answer may be in any equivalent format.
2258: For instance, for
2259: \begin_inset Formula \( x^{2}+11 \)
2260: \end_inset
2261:
2262: , the system will accept
2263: \begin_inset Formula \( x*x-11 \)
2264: \end_inset
2265:
2266: or
2267: \begin_inset Formula \( x^{2}+21-10 \)
2268: \end_inset
2269:
2270: as well.
2271: \layout Standard
2272:
2273: Creating Numerical Response and Formula Response problems starts the same
2274: as the other problem types, but because of the power of Numerical Response
2275: and Formula Response problems, it is too difficult to cover them in this
2276: tutorial.
2277: For more information about these problem types, please see section
2278: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Numerical Response}
2279:
2280: \end_inset
2281:
2282: for Numerical Response problems and section
2283: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Formula Response}
2284:
2285: \end_inset
2286:
2287: for Formula Response problems.
2288: \layout Section
2289:
2290: Publishing Your Resources
2291: \layout Standard
2292:
2293: In order to make the content you've created available for courses to use,
2294: you must publish your content.
2295: LON-CAPA provides an easy interface for publishing your content pages,
2296: problem resources, and sequences.
2297: A common interface allows you to specify title, author information, keywords,
2298: and other metadata.
2299: LON-CAPA uses this metadata for many things, and it's importent to fill
2300: the metadata out as accurately as possible.
2301: \layout Subsection
2302:
2303: What is Metadata?
2304: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Metadata}
2305:
2306: \end_inset
2307:
2308:
2309: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{What Is Metadata?}
2310:
2311: \end_inset
2312:
2313:
2314: \layout Standard
2315:
2316:
2317: \emph on
2318: Metadata
2319: \emph default
2320: is
2321: \emph on
2322: data about data
2323: \emph default
2324: .
2325: Metadata can often be thought of as a label on some bit of information
2326: that can be useful to people or computer programs trying to use the data.
2327: Without metadata, the person or computer trying to use the original information
2328: would have to just guess what the original data is about.
2329: For instance, if you create a problem and neglect to say in the title or
2330: subject of the problem what it is about, then a human who wants to use
2331: that problem would have to read the problem itself to see what it was about,
2332: which is much more difficult then just reading a title.
2333: A computer trying to do the same thing would just be out of luck; it is
2334: too stupid to understand the problem statement at all.
2335: \layout Standard
2336:
2337: One example of metadata you use all the time is the <TITLE> of a webpage,
2338: which usually shows up in the title bar of the browser.
2339: That's information about the webpage itself, not actually part of the web
2340: page.
2341: People use it when they bookmark a page, so they know what the page is.
2342: Search engines use it as a clue about the content of the web page.
2343: \layout Subsection
2344:
2345: Publishing A Resource
2346: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Resource, Publishing}
2347:
2348: \end_inset
2349:
2350:
2351: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Publishing Resource}
2352:
2353: \end_inset
2354:
2355:
2356: \layout Standard
2357:
2358: \begin_float fig
2359: \layout Standard
2360: \align center
2361:
2362: \begin_inset Figure size 476 168
2363: file constructionSpaceForPublishing.eps
2364: width 3 80
2365: flags 9
2366:
2367: \end_inset
2368:
2369:
2370: \layout Caption
2371:
2372: Construction Space for Publishing
2373: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Construction Space for Publishing Figure}
2374:
2375: \end_inset
2376:
2377:
2378: \end_float
2379: To publish a resource, log in and choose your role to be an Author.
2380: Then click
2381: \series bold
2382: CSTR
2383: \series default
2384: to go to your construction space.
2385: You should see something like figure
2386: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Construction Space for Publishing Figure}
2387:
2388: \end_inset
2389:
2390: .
2391: Click on the
2392: \series bold
2393: Publish
2394: \series default
2395: button for the resource you wish to publish.
2396: \begin_float fig
2397: \layout Standard
2398: \align center
2399:
2400: \begin_inset Figure size 476 338
2401: file publishMetadata.eps
2402: width 3 80
2403: flags 9
2404:
2405: \end_inset
2406:
2407:
2408: \layout Caption
2409:
2410: Publishing Metadata Screen
2411: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Publishing Metadata Screen Figure}
2412:
2413: \end_inset
2414:
2415:
2416: \end_float
2417: You'll get a metadata screen that should look something like figure
2418: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Publishing Metadata Screen Figure}
2419:
2420: \end_inset
2421:
2422: .
2423: Fill out the form.
2424: If you are creating resources that may be used in several courses, you
2425: should talk with the other authors and establish some sort of standard
2426: title and subject scheme in advance.
2427:
2428: \layout Standard
2429:
2430: The language is the language the problem is written in.
2431: The Publisher/Owner is the person who owns the problem; it should be the
2432: email address where anybody with questions about the resource can contact
2433: someone who can help them.
2434: In smaller environments, this is likely to be the author.
2435: In larger environments, it may be a coordinator or manager.
2436: \layout Standard
2437:
2438: The
2439: \series bold
2440: Keywords
2441: \series default
2442: and the
2443: \series bold
2444: Abstract
2445: \series default
2446: are more information about the problem.
2447: The
2448: \series bold
2449: Keywords
2450: \series default
2451: are words that are strongly connected to your problem; for instance a physics
2452: problem about a pulley might include
2453: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2454: \end_inset
2455:
2456: pulley
2457: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2458: \end_inset
2459:
2460: as a key word.
2461: LON-CAPA pulls out likely-looking keywords for you so you can just click
2462: on them to make them keywords.
2463:
2464: \series bold
2465: Additional keywords
2466: \series default
2467: allows you to add any keyword to your problem that are not actually in
2468: the problem.
2469: For instance, on that same problem a physicist might add the keyword
2470: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2471: \end_inset
2472:
2473: statics
2474: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2475: \end_inset
2476:
2477: , even though it doesn't appear in the original problem, because Physics
2478: uses that as a classification of problem type.
2479:
2480: \layout Standard
2481:
2482: Finally, you need to set the copyright and distribution notice.
2483: This setting controls who is allowed to use your resource.
2484:
2485: \layout Itemize
2486:
2487:
2488: \series bold
2489: Limited to courses in the domain published
2490: \series default
2491: means that only courses running in the same domain as you can use your
2492: content.
2493: Talk to your LON-CAPA administrator if you want more information about
2494: your domain.
2495: \layout Itemize
2496:
2497:
2498: \series bold
2499: Free
2500: \series default
2501: means that anyone can find and use the resource.
2502: \layout Itemize
2503:
2504:
2505: \series bold
2506: Private - visible to author only
2507: \series default
2508: means that it can't be used for any course.
2509: \layout Itemize
2510:
2511:
2512: \series bold
2513: Public - no authentication required
2514: \series default
2515: means anyone can find and use the resource.
2516: \layout Standard
2517:
2518: Now when you click
2519: \series bold
2520: Finalize Publication
2521: \series default
2522: , your resource will be published and usable (unless you set the distribution
2523: to
2524: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2525: \end_inset
2526:
2527: private
2528: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2529: \end_inset
2530:
2531: ).
2532: \layout Standard
2533:
2534: If you're following this as a tutorial, publish your resources so we can
2535: use them in the next section.
2536: \layout Section
2537:
2538: Creating A Course
2539: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Creating a Course}
2540:
2541: \end_inset
2542:
2543: : Maps and Sequences
2544: \layout Standard
2545:
2546: In order to create a useful course, we need to arrange our raw materials
2547: so that students can use them.
2548: \layout Subsection
2549:
2550: Binding Together Resources In One Map: Page
2551: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Page}
2552:
2553: \end_inset
2554:
2555:
2556: \layout Standard
2557:
2558: \begin_float fig
2559: \layout Standard
2560: \align center
2561:
2562: \begin_inset Figure size 429 66
2563: file mapEditingButton.eps
2564: flags 9
2565:
2566: \end_inset
2567:
2568:
2569: \layout Caption
2570:
2571: Map Editing Button
2572: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Editing Button Figure}
2573:
2574: \end_inset
2575:
2576:
2577: \end_float
2578: To join several resources into one page, you need to create a
2579: \series bold
2580: Map
2581: \series default
2582: of type
2583: \series bold
2584: Page
2585: \series default
2586: .
2587: To create Page resource, create a new resource as described in section
2588:
2589: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}
2590:
2591: \end_inset
2592:
2593: .
2594: This is a
2595: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2596: \end_inset
2597:
2598: page
2599: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2600: \end_inset
2601:
2602: resource so the URL must end in
2603: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2604: \end_inset
2605:
2606: .page
2607: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2608: \end_inset
2609:
2610: .
2611: After you enter in the URL ending in
2612: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2613: \end_inset
2614:
2615: .page
2616: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2617: \end_inset
2618:
2619: , you should see a screen as in figure
2620: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editing Button Figure}
2621:
2622: \end_inset
2623:
2624: .
2625: Click the button to get to the sequence editor.
2626:
2627: \begin_float fig
2628: \layout Standard
2629: \align center
2630:
2631: \begin_inset Figure size 476 226
2632: file mapEditInitial.eps
2633: width 3 80
2634: flags 11
2635:
2636: \end_inset
2637:
2638:
2639: \layout Caption
2640:
2641: Initial Map Editor
2642: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Initial Map Editor FIgure}
2643:
2644: \end_inset
2645:
2646:
2647: \end_float
2648: After the system notices the map does not yet exist and creates it for you.
2649: You should the initial map editor as seen in figure
2650: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Initial Map Editor FIgure}
2651:
2652: \end_inset
2653:
2654: .
2655: Note there are two windows.
2656: One is the workspace, and one is the window which will contain information
2657: as you add resources.
2658: \layout Comment
2659:
2660: The following is a commented-out section of the manual, likely to not be
2661: useful.
2662: \layout Comment
2663:
2664: About The Editor
2665: \layout Comment
2666:
2667: \begin_float fig
2668: \layout Caption
2669:
2670: Example of the Map Editor
2671: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Editor Example Figure}
2672:
2673: \end_inset
2674:
2675:
2676: \end_float
2677: Maps are very powerful and can do a lot.
2678: They can make decisions as the user progresses, going down different paths
2679: under different circumstances.
2680: For instance, a map can go down one path if the user gets a problem right,
2681: and another path if they don't which will provide more help for the student.
2682:
2683: \layout Comment
2684:
2685: To facilitate editing these powerful entities, LON-CAPA has a map editor
2686: that helps you take advantage of this power, as seen in figure
2687: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Example Figure}
2688:
2689: \end_inset
2690:
2691: .
2692: The map editor can display the different paths in your browser, and allow
2693: you to edit, insert, and delete resources from your map.
2694: The editor has a
2695: \series bold
2696: Start
2697: \series default
2698: area and a
2699: \series bold
2700: Finish
2701: \series default
2702: area.
2703: The students in the course will progress along on path or another, depending
2704: on decisions made at each resource, as explained later.
2705: Different paths are represented with different lines in the map editor.
2706: In the example figure, there are two paths the student can go down, depending
2707: on whether or not they get the problem at the branch point correct.
2708: By the end of this section, we'll create the map represented in this figure.
2709: \layout Comment
2710:
2711: The branching ability can obviously be used to help the student understand
2712: the concept in the problem by having them go through some extra material
2713: based on their performance, but the total uses of this feature are limited
2714: only by your imagination.
2715: \layout Subsection
2716:
2717: Creating a Simple Map: Page
2718: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Page}
2719:
2720: \end_inset
2721:
2722:
2723: \layout Standard
2724:
2725: To create a simple page that joins several resources into one page:
2726: \layout Enumerate
2727:
2728: \begin_float fig
2729: \layout Standard
2730: \align center
2731:
2732: \begin_inset Figure size 476 221
2733: file mapClickedStart.eps
2734: width 3 80
2735: flags 9
2736:
2737: \end_inset
2738:
2739:
2740: \layout Caption
2741:
2742: Clicked Start in the Map Constructor
2743: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Clicked Start Figure}
2744:
2745: \end_inset
2746:
2747:
2748: \end_float
2749: Click the Start box.
2750: You'll see what you see in figure
2751: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Clicked Start Figure}
2752:
2753: \end_inset
2754:
2755: .
2756: Click
2757: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2758: \end_inset
2759:
2760: Link Resource
2761: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2762: \end_inset
2763:
2764: in the secondary window, then click on the Finish box.
2765: \begin_float fig
2766: \layout Standard
2767: \align center
2768:
2769: \begin_inset Figure size 120 360
2770: file mapStraightened.eps
2771: flags 9
2772:
2773: \end_inset
2774:
2775:
2776: \layout Caption
2777:
2778: Straightened Map
2779: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Striaghtened map}
2780:
2781: \end_inset
2782:
2783:
2784: \end_float
2785: After that, click
2786: \begin_inset Quotes eld
2787: \end_inset
2788:
2789: straighten
2790: \begin_inset Quotes erd
2791: \end_inset
2792:
2793: .
2794: You should see something like figure
2795: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Striaghtened map}
2796:
2797: \end_inset
2798:
2799: .
2800: This creates a simple map that flows from beginning to end.
2801: \layout Enumerate
2802:
2803: \begin_float fig
2804: \layout Standard
2805: \align center
2806:
2807: \begin_inset Figure size 264 245
2808: file mapInsertResource.eps
2809: flags 9
2810:
2811: \end_inset
2812:
2813:
2814: \layout Caption
2815:
2816: Inserting a Resource
2817: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Inserting a Resource Figure}
2818:
2819: \end_inset
2820:
2821:
2822: \end_float
2823: To insert a resource into the flow, click the black line with two arrows.
2824: In the secondary window, you'll see something like figure
2825: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Inserting a Resource Figure}
2826:
2827: \end_inset
2828:
2829: .
2830: Click
2831: \series bold
2832: Insert Resource Into Link
2833: \series default
2834: .
2835: A new resource will appear in the link.
2836: Click the resource.
2837: \layout Enumerate
2838:
2839: Click
2840: \series bold
2841: Browse
2842: \series default
2843: , and the
2844: \series bold
2845: Network Directory Browser
2846: \series default
2847: will appear,
2848: \begin_float fig
2849: \layout Standard
2850: \align center
2851:
2852: \begin_inset Figure size 476 216
2853: file mapEditorDirectoryBrowser.eps
2854: width 3 80
2855: flags 9
2856:
2857: \end_inset
2858:
2859:
2860: \layout Caption
2861:
2862: Network Directory Browser
2863: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Editor Network Directory Browser Figure}
2864:
2865: \end_inset
2866:
2867:
2868: \end_float
2869: looking something like figure
2870: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Network Directory Browser Figure}
2871:
2872: \end_inset
2873:
2874: .
2875: Press the select button that is next to the resource you want to include.
2876: \begin_float fig
2877: \layout Standard
2878: \align center
2879:
2880: \begin_inset Figure size 61 360
2881: file mapEditorResourceChosen.eps
2882: flags 9
2883:
2884: \end_inset
2885:
2886:
2887: \layout Caption
2888:
2889: Resource Chosen
2890: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Resource Chosen Figure}
2891:
2892: \end_inset
2893:
2894:
2895: \end_float
2896: Once you've done that, if you look back at the window that popped up when
2897: you clicked on
2898: \series bold
2899: New Resource
2900: \series default
2901: , you'll see something like figure
2902: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Resource Chosen Figure}
2903:
2904: \end_inset
2905:
2906: .
2907: You can type the
2908: \series bold
2909: URL
2910: \series default
2911: and
2912: \series bold
2913: Title
2914: \series default
2915: into the secondary window, if you prefer, following the format you see
2916: above.
2917: After you click
2918: \series bold
2919: Save Changes
2920: \series default
2921: , your changes will be saved, and the icons for the resource will appear
2922: in the
2923: \series bold
2924: Res
2925: \series default
2926: box, as shown in figure
2927: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Resource Chosen Figure}
2928:
2929: \end_inset
2930:
2931: .
2932: \begin_deeper
2933: \layout Standard
2934:
2935: Clicking on the left icon for a resource will open a new browser window
2936: with an informational page about that resource.
2937: Clicking on the right icon for a resource will open a new browser window
2938: taking you to the rendering of that resource.
2939: \end_deeper
2940: \layout Enumerate
2941:
2942: Repeat steps two and three for as many resources as you'd like to bind together
2943: into one page.
2944: You can insert the new resources anywhere you'd like.
2945: \layout Enumerate
2946:
2947: When you are done adding resources, click the
2948: \series bold
2949: Save Map
2950: \series default
2951: link to save the map.
2952: \layout Subsection
2953:
2954: Creating Sequences
2955: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Sequence}
2956:
2957: \end_inset
2958:
2959:
2960: \layout Standard
2961:
2962: Sequences are a series of resources that can be navigated using the
2963: \series bold
2964: NAV
2965: \series default
2966: remote control button, or by using the arrow keys on the remote control.
2967: Sequence maps are created identically to page maps, the only difference
2968: is how they are displayed.
2969: \layout Subsection
2970:
2971: Creating a Course: Top-level Sequence
2972: \layout Standard
2973:
2974: In order to view sequences, they need to be part of a
2975: \series bold
2976: course
2977: \series default
2978: .
2979: \begin_float fig
2980: \layout Standard
2981: \align center
2982:
2983: \begin_inset Figure size 422 410
2984: file creatingANewCourse.eps
2985: flags 9
2986:
2987: \end_inset
2988:
2989:
2990: \layout Caption
2991:
2992: Creating a New Course
2993: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Creating a New Course Figure}
2994:
2995: \end_inset
2996:
2997:
2998: \end_float
2999: Courses have a Top-level Map which defines the whole course.
3000: This top-level map will often itself contain maps corresponding to homework
3001: assignments or weekly sequences.
3002: To view your maps, you will need to make them part of a course.
3003: Only Domain Administrators can make courses and set their Top-level maps,
3004: so coordinate with your Domain Adminstrator if you need to create courses.
3005: \layout Section
3006:
3007: Numerical Response
3008: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Numerical Response}
3009:
3010: \end_inset
3011:
3012:
3013: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Numerical Response}
3014:
3015: \end_inset
3016:
3017: And Formula Response Questions
3018: \layout Standard
3019:
3020: Numerical Response problems are very powerful.
3021: In fact, they are so powerful it would be impossible to fully explain what
3022: is possible in a document like this.
3023: This chapter will focus on just getting you started with Numerical Response
3024: problems, and showing you some of the possibilities, with no prerequisite
3025: knowlege necessary.
3026: The more you learn, the more you will find you can do.
3027: \layout Standard
3028:
3029: In this chapter and the next, I will use the terms
3030: \series bold
3031: static
3032: \series default
3033: and
3034: \series bold
3035: dynamic
3036: \series default
3037: .
3038:
3039: \series bold
3040: Static
3041: \series default
3042: means the object never changes, and is the same for each student.
3043: By contrast,
3044: \series bold
3045: dynamic
3046: \series default
3047: means the value can change, because there is some script that computes
3048: it for each student.
3049: \layout Standard
3050:
3051: If you like, you can follow this chapter along as its own tutorial.
3052: Create a Numerical Response problem using the instructions in section
3053: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}
3054:
3055: \end_inset
3056:
3057: , ending your resource name with
3058: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3059: \end_inset
3060:
3061: .problem
3062: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3063: \end_inset
3064:
3065: , and create a new
3066: \series bold
3067: Simple Numerical Response
3068: \series default
3069: problem.
3070: \layout Subsection
3071:
3072: The Parts of a Numerical Response Problem
3073: \layout Standard
3074:
3075: \begin_float fig
3076: \layout Standard
3077: \align center
3078:
3079: \begin_inset Figure size 476 356
3080: file numericalResponse1.eps
3081: width 3 80
3082: flags 9
3083:
3084: \end_inset
3085:
3086:
3087: \layout Caption
3088:
3089: Numerical Response editor
3090: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Numerical Response Editor Figure}
3091:
3092: \end_inset
3093:
3094:
3095: \end_float
3096: A Numerical Response problem has seven major parts by default, as seen in
3097: figure
3098: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Numerical Response Editor Figure}
3099:
3100: \end_inset
3101:
3102: :
3103: \layout Enumerate
3104:
3105: The
3106: \series bold
3107: Script
3108: \series default
3109: .
3110: The script is the heart of advanced Numerical Response problems.
3111: It can be used to decide some of the parameters of the problem, compute
3112: the answer to the problem, and do just about anything else you can imagine.
3113: The Script language is
3114: \series bold
3115: Perl
3116: \begin_float footnote
3117: \layout Standard
3118:
3119: For lots and lots more information about Perl, see the Perl website at http://ww
3120: w.perl.org/ .
3121: \end_float
3122: .
3123: You do not need to know Perl to use the Script block, as we will be stepping
3124: through some advanced examples in this chapter, but knowing Perl can help.
3125: \layout Enumerate
3126:
3127: Like other problem types, the
3128: \series bold
3129: Text Block
3130: \series default
3131: is used to display the problem the student will see.
3132: In addition, you can place things in the
3133: \series bold
3134: Text Block
3135: \series default
3136: based on computations done in the
3137: \series bold
3138: Script
3139: \series default
3140: .
3141: \layout Enumerate
3142:
3143: The
3144: \series bold
3145: Answer
3146: \series default
3147: is the answer the system is looking for.
3148: This can also use parameters from the
3149: \series bold
3150: Script
3151: \series default
3152: block, allowing the answer to be computed dynamically.
3153: \layout Enumerate
3154:
3155: A
3156: \series bold
3157: tolerance
3158: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{tolerance}
3159:
3160: \end_inset
3161:
3162:
3163: \series default
3164: parameter, which determines how closely the system will require the student
3165: answer to be in order to count it correct.
3166: For technical reasons, it is almost never a good idea to set this parameter
3167: to zero
3168: \begin_float footnote
3169: \layout Standard
3170:
3171: Computers can only approximate computations involving real numbers.
3172: For instance, a computer's [decimal] answer to the simple problem
3173: \begin_inset Formula \( \frac{1}{3} \)
3174: \end_inset
3175:
3176: is
3177: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3178: \end_inset
3179:
3180: 0.33333333333333331
3181: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3182: \end_inset
3183:
3184: .
3185: It
3186: \emph on
3187: should
3188: \emph default
3189: be an infinite series of 3's, and there certainly shouldn't be a
3190: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3191: \end_inset
3192:
3193: 1
3194: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3195: \end_inset
3196:
3197: in the answer, but no computer can represent an infinitely long, infinitely
3198: detailed real number.
3199: Therefore, for any problem where the answer is not a small integer, you
3200:
3201: \emph on
3202: need
3203: \emph default
3204: to allow a tolerance factor, or the students will find it nearly impossible
3205: to exactly match the computers idea of the answer.
3206: \end_float
3207: , though you may find the default too large for some problems.
3208: There are two kinds of tolerance.
3209: If there is some answer
3210: \begin_inset Formula \( a \)
3211: \end_inset
3212:
3213: and a tolerance
3214: \begin_inset Formula \( t \)
3215: \end_inset
3216:
3217: ,
3218: \begin_deeper
3219: \layout Enumerate
3220:
3221: an
3222: \series bold
3223: Absolute
3224: \series default
3225: tolerance
3226: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{absolute tolerance}
3227:
3228: \end_inset
3229:
3230:
3231: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{tolerance, absolute}
3232:
3233: \end_inset
3234:
3235: will take anything in the range
3236: \begin_inset Formula \( a\pm t \)
3237: \end_inset
3238:
3239: .
3240: So if
3241: \begin_inset Formula \( a=10 \)
3242: \end_inset
3243:
3244: and
3245: \begin_inset Formula \( t=2 \)
3246: \end_inset
3247:
3248: , then anything between 8 and 12 is acceptable
3249: \begin_float footnote
3250: \end_deeper
3251: \layout Standard
3252:
3253: For much the same reasons a tolerance is almost always a good idea, it's
3254: almost impossible to say whether an answer that is
3255: \emph on
3256: exactly
3257: \emph default
3258:
3259: \begin_inset Formula \( a\pm t \)
3260: \end_inset
3261:
3262: will be accepted by the computer.
3263: But the computer does use many decimal places of accuracy; if you want
3264: to have the student answer exactly
3265: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3266: \end_inset
3267:
3268: 2
3269: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3270: \end_inset
3271:
3272: , then specifying a tolerance of
3273: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3274: \end_inset
3275:
3276: .0000001
3277: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3278: \end_inset
3279:
3280: is OK.
3281: (Don't use too many more zeros, though you can use less if you like.)
3282: \end_float
3283: .
3284: Any number in the tolerance field
3285: \emph on
3286: without
3287: \emph default
3288: a
3289: \series bold
3290: %
3291: \series default
3292: symbol is an absolute tolerance.
3293: \begin_deeper
3294: \layout Enumerate
3295:
3296: a
3297: \series bold
3298: Relative
3299: \series default
3300: tolerance
3301: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{relative tolerance}
3302:
3303: \end_inset
3304:
3305:
3306: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{tolerance, relative}
3307:
3308: \end_inset
3309:
3310: will take anything in the range
3311: \begin_inset Formula \( a\pm at \)
3312: \end_inset
3313:
3314: , where
3315: \emph on
3316: t
3317: \emph default
3318: is interpreted as a percentage.
3319: Any number in the tolerance field
3320: \emph on
3321: with
3322: \emph default
3323: a
3324: \series bold
3325: %
3326: \series default
3327: symbol is a relative tolerance.
3328: For example,
3329: \begin_inset Formula \( a=10 \)
3330: \end_inset
3331:
3332: and
3333: \begin_inset Formula \( t=10\% \)
3334: \end_inset
3335:
3336: will accept anything between 9 and 11.
3337:
3338: \end_deeper
3339: \layout Enumerate
3340:
3341: A
3342: \series bold
3343: significant figures
3344: \series default
3345: specification tells the system how many significant figures there are in
3346: the problem, as either a single number or a range of acceptable values,
3347: expressed as
3348: \series bold
3349: min,max
3350: \series default
3351: .
3352: The system will check to make sure that the student's answer contains this
3353: many significant digits, useful in many scientific calculations.
3354: For example, if the problem has three significant digits, the significant
3355: digit specification is
3356: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3357: \end_inset
3358:
3359: 3
3360: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3361: \end_inset
3362:
3363: , and the answer is
3364: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3365: \end_inset
3366:
3367: 1.3
3368: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3369: \end_inset
3370:
3371: , the system will require the students to type
3372: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3373: \end_inset
3374:
3375: 1.30
3376: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3377: \end_inset
3378:
3379: , even though numerically,
3380: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3381: \end_inset
3382:
3383: 1.3
3384: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3385: \end_inset
3386:
3387: and
3388: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3389: \end_inset
3390:
3391: 1.30
3392: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3393: \end_inset
3394:
3395: are the same.
3396: \begin_deeper
3397: \layout Comment
3398:
3399: Confirm this.
3400: \end_deeper
3401: \layout Enumerate
3402:
3403: The
3404: \series bold
3405: Single Line Text Entry
3406: \series default
3407: area, as in other problems, allow you to manipulate the text entry area
3408: the student will see.
3409: \layout Enumerate
3410:
3411: Finally, the
3412: \series bold
3413: Hint
3414: \series default
3415: provides a place to help students who get the problem incorrect the first
3416: time.
3417: \layout Subsection
3418:
3419: Simple Numerical Response Answer
3420: \layout Standard
3421:
3422: Along with showing the Numerical Response editor, figure
3423: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Numerical Response Editor Figure}
3424:
3425: \end_inset
3426:
3427: also shows the parameters for one of the simplest possible types of numerical
3428: response.
3429: The
3430: \series bold
3431: Text Block
3432: \series default
3433: has the problem's question, which is the static text
3434: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3435: \end_inset
3436:
3437: What is 2 + 2?
3438: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3439: \end_inset
3440:
3441: The
3442: \series bold
3443: Answer
3444: \series default
3445: is
3446: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3447: \end_inset
3448:
3449: 4
3450: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3451: \end_inset
3452:
3453: .
3454: The
3455: \series bold
3456: Hint
3457: \series default
3458: has been set to something appropriate for this problem (unless this problem
3459: is being given to very young children).
3460: Everything else has the default values from when the problem was created.
3461: \layout Standard
3462:
3463: If you create a problem like this, hit
3464: \series bold
3465: Submit Changes
3466: \series default
3467: , then hit
3468: \series bold
3469: View
3470: \series default
3471: after the changes have been submitted, you can try the problem out for
3472: yourself.
3473: Note the last box in the HTML page has the answer LON-CAPA is looking for
3474: conveniently displayed for you, along with the range the computer will
3475: accept and the number of significant digits the computer requires.
3476: \layout Standard
3477:
3478: As you're playing with the problem, if you use up all your tries or get
3479: the answer correct but wish to continue playing with the problem, use the
3480:
3481: \series bold
3482: Reset Submissions
3483: \series default
3484: button to clear your answer attempts.
3485:
3486: \layout Subsection
3487:
3488: Simple Script Usage
3489: \layout Standard
3490:
3491: Totally static problems only scratch the surface of the Numerical Response
3492: capabilities.
3493: To really explore the power of LON-CAPA, we need to start creating dynamic
3494: problems.
3495: But before we can get to truly dynamic problems, we need to learn how to
3496: work with the
3497: \series bold
3498: Script
3499: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Script}
3500:
3501: \end_inset
3502:
3503:
3504: \series default
3505: window.
3506: \layout Standard
3507:
3508: A script consists of several
3509: \series bold
3510: statements
3511: \series default
3512: , seperated by
3513: \series bold
3514: semi-colons
3515: \series default
3516: .
3517: A
3518: \series bold
3519: statement
3520: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{statement}
3521:
3522: \end_inset
3523:
3524:
3525: \series default
3526: is the smallest kind of instruction to the computer you can give.
3527: Most problems will be built from several statements.
3528:
3529: \layout Standard
3530:
3531: A script can contain
3532: \series bold
3533: comments
3534: \series default
3535: , which are not interpreted as statements by the computer.
3536: Comments start with
3537: \series bold
3538: #
3539: \series default
3540: , and go to the end of that line.
3541: Thus, if a line starts with #, the whole line is ignored.
3542: Comments can also begin in the middle of a line.
3543: It is a good idea to comment more complicated scripts, as it can be very
3544: difficult to read a large script and figure out what it does.
3545: It is a
3546: \emph on
3547: very
3548: \emph default
3549: good idea to adopt some sort of commenting standard, especially if you
3550: are working in a group or others may use your problems in the future.
3551: \layout Itemize
3552:
3553: One of the simplest statements in LON-CAPA is a
3554: \series bold
3555: variable assignment
3556: \series default
3557: .
3558: A
3559: \series bold
3560: variable
3561: \series default
3562: can hold any value in it.
3563: Simple values, such as a number or a string of text, start with a
3564: \series bold
3565: $
3566: \series default
3567: .
3568: In the
3569: \series bold
3570: Script
3571: \series default
3572: , you need to assign to variables before you use them.
3573: Put the program in Figure
3574: \begin_float fig
3575: \layout LyX-Code
3576: \align center
3577: $variable = 3;
3578: \layout Caption
3579: \pextra_type 3 \pextra_widthp 40
3580:
3581: A simple script with a variable
3582: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{A simple script with a variable}
3583:
3584: \end_inset
3585:
3586:
3587: \end_float
3588:
3589: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{A simple script with a variable}
3590:
3591: \end_inset
3592:
3593: into the
3594: \series bold
3595: Script
3596: \series default
3597: field of the Numerical Response.
3598: This creates a simple variable named
3599: \series bold
3600: variable
3601: \series default
3602: and assigns it the value of
3603: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3604: \end_inset
3605:
3606: 3
3607: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3608: \end_inset
3609:
3610: .
3611: That's one statement.
3612: \layout Standard
3613:
3614: Variable names are
3615: \emph on
3616: case sensitive
3617: \emph default
3618: , must start with a letter, and can only consist of letters, numbers, and
3619: underscores.
3620: Variable names can be as long as you want.
3621:
3622: \layout Standard
3623:
3624: Getting variable names right is a skill.
3625: Variable names should not be too long, because they become easy to mistype.
3626: Variable names should also not be too short, with the exception of some
3627: conventionally short variable names we'll talk about later.
3628: \layout Standard
3629:
3630: There are many variable naming conventions, covering both how to name and
3631: how to capatalize variables
3632: \begin_float footnote
3633: \layout Standard
3634:
3635: The author favors
3636: \family typewriter
3637: capsOnNewWords
3638: \family default
3639: .
3640: Some people use
3641: \family typewriter
3642: underscore_to_seperate_words
3643: \family default
3644: .
3645: Many use uppercase letters to specify constants like
3646: \family typewriter
3647: PI
3648: \family default
3649: or
3650: \family typewriter
3651: GOLDEN_MEAN
3652: \family default
3653: .
3654: Some people always
3655: \family typewriter
3656: StartWithCapatalization
3657: \family default
3658: .
3659: What's really importent is to be consistent, so you don't have to guess
3660: whether the variable you're thinking of is
3661: \family typewriter
3662: coefFriction
3663: \family default
3664: ,
3665: \family typewriter
3666: CoefFriction
3667: \family default
3668: ,
3669: \family typewriter
3670: COEF_FRICTION
3671: \family default
3672: , or something else.
3673: \end_float
3674: .
3675: It is a good idea to adopt a standard.
3676: If you are working with a group, you may wish to discuss it in your group
3677: and agree on a convention.
3678:
3679: \layout Standard
3680:
3681: If you
3682: \series bold
3683: Submit Changes
3684: \series default
3685: and
3686: \series bold
3687: View
3688: \series default
3689: the problem, you'll see nothing has changed.
3690: That's because in order for a variable to be useful, it must be used.
3691: The variable can be used in several places.
3692: \layout Subsubsection
3693:
3694: Variables in Scripts
3695: \layout Standard
3696:
3697: Variables can be used later in the same script.
3698: For instance, we can add another line below the
3699: \family typewriter
3700: $variable
3701: \family default
3702: line as such:
3703: \layout LyX-Code
3704:
3705: $variable2 = $variable + 2;
3706: \layout Standard
3707:
3708: Now there's a variable called
3709: \family typewriter
3710: $variable2
3711: \family default
3712: with the value
3713: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3714: \end_inset
3715:
3716: 5
3717: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3718: \end_inset
3719:
3720: .
3721:
3722: \layout Standard
3723:
3724: Variables can also be used in
3725: \emph on
3726: strings
3727: \emph default
3728:
3729: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{strings}
3730:
3731: \end_inset
3732:
3733: , which are a sequence of letters.
3734: The underlying language of the script, Perl, has a very large number of
3735: ways of using variables in strings, but the easiest and most common way
3736: is to use normal double-quotes and just spell out the name of the variable
3737: you want to use in the string, like this:
3738: \layout LyX-Code
3739:
3740: $stringVar =
3741: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3742: \end_inset
3743:
3744: I have a variable with the value $variable.
3745: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3746: \end_inset
3747:
3748:
3749: \layout Standard
3750:
3751: This will put the string
3752: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3753: \end_inset
3754:
3755: I have a variable with the value 3.
3756: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3757: \end_inset
3758:
3759: into the variable named
3760: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3761: \end_inset
3762:
3763: stringVar
3764: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3765: \end_inset
3766:
3767: .
3768: \layout Standard
3769:
3770: If you are following this chapter as a tutorial, add the previous two lines
3771: and save the problem.
3772: There's no need to view it; there's still no visible change.
3773: \layout Subsubsection
3774:
3775: Variables in the Text Block
3776: \layout Standard
3777:
3778: Once you've defined variables in the
3779: \series bold
3780: Script
3781: \series default
3782: , you can use them in the
3783: \series bold
3784: Text Block
3785: \series default
3786: .
3787: For example, using the previous three-line script we've created so far,
3788: you can place the following in the
3789: \series bold
3790: Text Block
3791: \series default
3792: :
3793: \layout LyX-Code
3794:
3795: See the 3: $variable<br />
3796: \layout LyX-Code
3797:
3798: See the string: <b>$stringVar</b><br />
3799: \layout Standard
3800:
3801: \begin_float fig
3802: \layout Standard
3803: \align center
3804:
3805: \begin_inset Figure size 353 99
3806: file numericalResponseVarInText.eps
3807: flags 9
3808:
3809: \end_inset
3810:
3811:
3812: \layout Caption
3813:
3814: Result of Variables in the Text Block
3815: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Result of Variables in the Text Block Figure}
3816:
3817: \end_inset
3818:
3819:
3820: \end_float
3821: If you save that and hit
3822: \series bold
3823: View
3824: \series default
3825: , you should get what you see in figure
3826: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Result of Variables in the Text Block Figure}
3827:
3828: \end_inset
3829:
3830: .
3831: Note how the
3832: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3833: \end_inset
3834:
3835: $variable
3836: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3837: \end_inset
3838:
3839: was turned into a 3, and the
3840: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3841: \end_inset
3842:
3843: $stringVar
3844: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3845: \end_inset
3846:
3847: was turned into
3848: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3849: \end_inset
3850:
3851: I have a variable with the value 3.
3852: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3853: \end_inset
3854:
3855:
3856: \layout Subsubsection
3857:
3858: Variables in the Answer Block
3859: \layout Standard
3860:
3861: You can use variables in the
3862: \series bold
3863: Answer
3864: \series default
3865: part of the question, too.
3866: This means you can compute an answer to a question, which we'll see in
3867: a bit.
3868: If you set the answer of the question to be
3869: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3870: \end_inset
3871:
3872: $variable
3873: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3874: \end_inset
3875:
3876: (without the quotes),
3877: \series bold
3878: Save Changes
3879: \series default
3880: and
3881: \series bold
3882: View
3883: \series default
3884: it, you'll see that LON-CAPA is now expecting
3885: \begin_inset Quotes eld
3886: \end_inset
3887:
3888: 3
3889: \begin_inset Quotes erd
3890: \end_inset
3891:
3892: as the answer, plus or minus 5%.
3893: \layout Subsection
3894:
3895: Calling Functions
3896: \layout Standard
3897:
3898: With variables, you can store strings or numbers.
3899:
3900: \series bold
3901: Functions
3902: \series default
3903: allow you to manipulate these strings or numbers.
3904: By stringing together a series of functions, you can do a lot.
3905: \layout Standard
3906:
3907:
3908: \series bold
3909: Functions
3910: \series default
3911: work like mathematical functions: They take some number of arguments in,
3912: and return one argument, usually a number or a string for our purposes.
3913: There are a lot of functions available in LON-CAPA.
3914: You can see a complete list at http://mileva.lite.msu.edu/loncapadocs/homework/hom
3915: ework5.html.
3916: For now, let's just look at some simple examples.
3917: \layout Standard
3918:
3919: \begin_float fig
3920: \layout LyX-Code
3921:
3922: $a = 3;
3923: \layout LyX-Code
3924:
3925: $b = &sin($a);
3926: \layout LyX-Code
3927:
3928: $c = &pow(3, &floor($a));
3929: \layout Caption
3930:
3931: Some Function Calls
3932: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Some Function Calls Figure}
3933:
3934: \end_inset
3935:
3936:
3937: \end_float
3938: In the
3939: \series bold
3940: Script
3941: \series default
3942: block, function names start with
3943: \series bold
3944: &
3945: \series default
3946: .
3947: Some example function calls are shown in figure
3948: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Some Function Calls Figure}
3949:
3950: \end_inset
3951:
3952: .
3953: You can see that functions can take either variables, numbers, or the results
3954: of other function calls as parameters.
3955: The
3956: \family typewriter
3957: sin
3958: \family default
3959: function returns the sine of an angle expressed in radians.
3960:
3961: \family typewriter
3962: pow
3963: \family default
3964: raises the first parameter to the power of the second parameter.
3965:
3966: \family typewriter
3967: floor
3968: \family default
3969: returns the nearest integer below the parameter, which since 3 is already
3970: an integer is 3.
3971: \layout Subsubsection
3972:
3973: Randomization
3974: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Randomization}
3975:
3976: \end_inset
3977:
3978:
3979: \layout Standard
3980:
3981: For LON-CAPA, one of the most importent functions is the
3982: \family typewriter
3983: random
3984: \family default
3985: function.
3986: Random takes three parameters, a
3987: \emph on
3988: lower limit
3989: \emph default
3990: , an
3991: \emph on
3992: upper limit
3993: \emph default
3994: , and an
3995: \emph on
3996: interval
3997: \emph default
3998: .
3999: The
4000: \family typewriter
4001: random
4002: \family default
4003: function returns a random value between the upper and lower limit, some
4004: integer number of
4005: \emph on
4006: interval
4007: \emph default
4008: 's away from the lower limit.
4009: Thus, for example,
4010: \family typewriter
4011: &rand(1,2,.2)
4012: \family default
4013: might return 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, or 2.
4014:
4015: \layout Standard
4016:
4017: \begin_float fig
4018: \layout LyX-Code
4019:
4020: $a = &random(1,10,1);
4021: \layout LyX-Code
4022:
4023: $b = &random(-10, -3, 1);
4024: \layout LyX-Code
4025:
4026: $answer = $a+$b;
4027: \layout Caption
4028:
4029: Sample
4030: \family typewriter
4031: random
4032: \family default
4033: Calls
4034: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Sample Random Calls figure}
4035:
4036: \end_inset
4037:
4038:
4039: \end_float
4040: If you put the script in figure
4041: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Sample Random Calls figure}
4042:
4043: \end_inset
4044:
4045: into the
4046: \series bold
4047: Script
4048: \series default
4049: block (replacing whatever contents might be in the block already), you'll
4050: get two random variables $a and $b.
4051: Now, in the
4052: \series bold
4053: Text Block
4054: \series default
4055: , put
4056: \begin_inset Quotes eld
4057: \end_inset
4058:
4059: What is $a plus $b?
4060: \begin_inset Quotes erd
4061: \end_inset
4062:
4063: , and in the
4064: \series bold
4065: Answer
4066: \series default
4067: put
4068: \begin_inset Quotes eld
4069: \end_inset
4070:
4071: $answer
4072: \begin_inset Quotes erd
4073: \end_inset
4074:
4075: , without the quotes for either of them.
4076: (It is a good idea to create a variable to hold the answer and call it
4077: $answer.
4078: Do not try to compute the answer in the
4079: \series bold
4080: Answer
4081: \series default
4082: field itself; it will not work as you expect.) Now save the problem and
4083:
4084: \series bold
4085: View
4086: \series default
4087: it.
4088: You'll see a randomized problem.
4089: \layout Standard
4090:
4091: For each student, the same random number will be used each time they visit
4092: the problem, but each student will get different random numbers.
4093: For any but the simplest random problems, you'll want to see several random
4094: problems to make sure everything is working out correctly.
4095: This is what the
4096: \series bold
4097: Random Seed
4098: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Random Seed}
4099:
4100: \end_inset
4101:
4102:
4103: \series default
4104: field is for.
4105: To see another randomized version of the problem you've just created, put
4106: another number into the
4107: \series bold
4108: Random Seed
4109: \series default
4110: field and hit
4111: \series bold
4112: Change
4113: \series default
4114: .
4115: It doesn't really matter what number you put into the field.
4116: But for any given
4117: \series bold
4118: Random Seed
4119: \series default
4120: with the same problem, you'll see the same randomized problem generated
4121: for you.
4122: (If you change the
4123: \series bold
4124: Script
4125: \series default
4126: , you are no longer guarenteed to get the same problem.)
4127: \layout Standard
4128:
4129: If you're doing this as a tutorial, try a few random seeds to see what happens.
4130: \layout Subsection
4131:
4132: Dynamic, Randomized Problems: Putting It All Together
4133: \layout Standard
4134:
4135: Now you have all the tools to create those wonderful dynamic, randomized
4136: problems that you've seen in LON-CAPA.
4137: \begin_float fig
4138: \layout Standard
4139: \align center
4140:
4141: \begin_inset Figure size 476 197
4142: file numericalResponseSlopeProblem.eps
4143: width 3 80
4144: flags 9
4145:
4146: \end_inset
4147:
4148:
4149: \layout Caption
4150:
4151: Slope Problem Parameters
4152: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Slope Problem Parameters Figure}
4153:
4154: \end_inset
4155:
4156:
4157: \end_float
4158: For example, try filling out your problem with the parameters shown in
4159: figure
4160: \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Slope Problem Parameters Figure}
4161:
4162: \end_inset
4163:
4164: .
4165:
4166: \layout Standard
4167:
4168: When creating randomized problems, you want to make sure that the problems
4169: always have an answer! Consider what might happen if I had chosen the two
4170: slopes
4171: \emph on
4172: both
4173: \emph default
4174: with the expression
4175: \family typewriter
4176: &rand(-1,1,.2)
4177: \family default
4178: .
4179: One out of ten students would get a problem where both slopes were equal,
4180: which has either no solution (for unequal y-intercepts) or an infinite
4181: number of solutions (for equal slopes and y-intercepts).
4182: Both of these cause a division-by-zero error on the division that computes
4183: the answer.
4184: There are many ways to avoid this, one of the easiest of which is picking
4185: one slope negative and one positive.
4186: This same problem can show up in many other places, too, so be careful.
4187: \layout Standard
4188:
4189: LON-CAPA has functions for several common random distributions; consult
4190: the function list at http://mileva.lite.msu.edu/loncapadocs/homework/homework5.html
4191: for a complete list and parameter specification.
4192: \layout Subsection
4193:
4194: Units, Format
4195: \layout Standard
4196:
4197: Numerical Response problems can require units.
4198: In the problem editting form, place the desired unit in the
4199: \series bold
4200: Unit
4201: \series default
4202: field.
4203: For information about what units the system accepts, see http://capa4.lite.msu.edu
4204: /demolibrary/Links/UnitsSymbolsT2.html.
4205: The computer will accept the answer in any of its accepted unit formats.
4206: For example, if the answer to a problem is
4207: \begin_inset Quotes eld
4208: \end_inset
4209:
4210: 1ft
4211: \begin_inset Quotes erd
4212: \end_inset
4213:
4214: , the computer will accept
4215: \begin_inset Quotes eld
4216: \end_inset
4217:
4218: 12in
4219: \begin_inset Quotes erd
4220: \end_inset
4221:
4222: as correct.
4223: \layout Standard
4224:
4225: Additionally, you can format the number displayed by the computer as the
4226: answer.
4227: For instance, if the answer is one-third, the computer will display that
4228: it computed
4229: \begin_inset Quotes eld
4230: \end_inset
4231:
4232: .333333333
4233: \begin_inset Quotes erd
4234: \end_inset
4235:
4236: as the answer.
4237: If you'd like to shorten that, you can use the
4238: \series bold
4239: Format
4240: \series default
4241: field.
4242: Format strings like
4243: \begin_inset Quotes eld
4244: \end_inset
4245:
4246: 2e
4247: \begin_inset Quotes erd
4248: \end_inset
4249:
4250: (without the quotes) will display three significant digits in scientific
4251: notation.
4252: Format strings like
4253: \begin_inset Quotes eld
4254: \end_inset
4255:
4256: 2f
4257: \begin_inset Quotes erd
4258: \end_inset
4259:
4260: will display three significant digit in traditional notation.
4261: You can use any number that you want instead of
4262: \begin_inset Quotes eld
4263: \end_inset
4264:
4265: 2
4266: \begin_inset Quotes erd
4267: \end_inset
4268:
4269: .
4270: \layout Subsection
4271:
4272: For More Information
4273: \layout Standard
4274:
4275: It's always a good idea to look at other people's LON-CAPA problems, especially
4276: those from the same discipline as your problems, and see what they are
4277: doing.
4278:
4279: \series bold
4280: Very often, the easiest way to create a new problem is to copy it and modify
4281: the copy until it does what you need.
4282:
4283: \series default
4284: The more complicated a problem is, the more time you'll save by doing this.
4285: You may also find new ideas you can use and elaborate on in your problems.
4286: \layout Comment
4287:
4288: Is there UI for this? Check.
4289: \layout Standard
4290:
4291: The full power of the Perl is well outside the scope of this document.
4292: Looking in the function list at http://mileva.lite.msu.edu/loncapadocs/homework/ho
4293: mework5.html can give you some ideas.
4294: O'Reilly has some good Perl books.
4295: The Perl 5 pocket reference will contain more then what you need to know
4296: to use LON-CAPA, available at http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/perlpr3/ .
4297: \layout Standard
4298:
4299: If you have any problems, consult http://help.loncapa.org/fom/cache/5.html
4300: .
4301: If you don't find the answer to your problem, please help us expand the
4302: FAQ by emailing us your question so we can answer it.
4303: \layout Standard
4304:
4305: Our advanced users often come to prefer the XML interface for the problems,
4306: available through the
4307: \series bold
4308: EditXML
4309: \series default
4310: buttons.
4311: Covering the XML format is beyond the scope of this manual, but you can
4312: learn a lot by using the editor to make changes and seeing what happens
4313: to the XML.
4314: \layout Subsection
4315:
4316: Formula Response
4317: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Formula Response}
4318:
4319: \end_inset
4320:
4321:
4322: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Formula Response}
4323:
4324: \end_inset
4325:
4326: Problems
4327: \layout Standard
4328:
4329: \begin_float fig
4330: \layout Standard
4331: \align center
4332:
4333: \begin_inset Figure size 476 262
4334: file formulaResponse.eps
4335: width 3 80
4336: flags 9
4337:
4338: \end_inset
4339:
4340:
4341: \layout Caption
4342:
4343: Formula Response Problem
4344: \end_float
4345: Formula response problems asks the student to type in a formula as an answer.
4346: If the answer is
4347: \begin_inset Formula \( 2x^{2}+4 \)
4348: \end_inset
4349:
4350: , the student is allowed to type
4351: \begin_inset Quotes eld
4352: \end_inset
4353:
4354: 2*x*x+4
4355: \begin_inset Quotes erd
4356: \end_inset
4357:
4358: ,
4359: \begin_inset Quotes eld
4360: \end_inset
4361:
4362: x*x + x*x + 4
4363: \begin_inset Quotes erd
4364: \end_inset
4365:
4366: ,
4367: \begin_inset Quotes eld
4368: \end_inset
4369:
4370: 2*x^2 + 14 - 10
4371: \begin_inset Quotes erd
4372: \end_inset
4373:
4374: , or any other equivalent expression.
4375: Formula Response problems have many of the same characteristics of Numerical
4376: Response problems, including the ability to run scripts, dynamically generate
4377: answers, etc.
4378:
4379: \layout Standard
4380:
4381: As you may know, it is extremely difficult to determine whether a given
4382: expression is exactly equal to another expression in general.
4383: For example, is
4384: \begin_inset Formula \( \sin 2x=2\sin x\cos x \)
4385: \end_inset
4386:
4387: ? Symbolically proving it one way or another is impossible in general.
4388: Therefore, LON-CAPA uses a sampling system.
4389: If your answer and the student's answer agree at the sampling points within
4390: your given tolerance factor, the student's answer will be accepted, otherwise
4391: it will be rejected.
4392: \layout Comment
4393:
4394: What's up with the x,y@1,2:4,3#2 stuff?
4395: \layout Standard
4396:
4397: Formula Response problems are otherwise virtually identical to Numeric Response
4398: problems.
4399: \layout Subsubsection
4400:
4401: Sample Point Specifications
4402: \begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Sample Points}
4403:
4404: \end_inset
4405:
4406:
4407: \layout Standard
4408:
4409: To specific the sample points, use the following format:
4410: \layout Itemize
4411:
4412: a comma seperated list of the variables you wish to have sampled,
4413: \layout Itemize
4414:
4415: followed by an @
4416: \layout Itemize
4417:
4418: followed by a comma seperated list of values as long as your list of variables,
4419: representing the sample points
4420: \layout Itemize
4421:
4422: optionally followed by a semi-colon, and more comma seperated lists as in
4423: the previous item.
4424: \layout Standard
4425:
4426: For
4427: \begin_inset Formula \( 2x^{2}+4 \)
4428: \end_inset
4429:
4430: , with one variable
4431: \begin_inset Quotes eld
4432: \end_inset
4433:
4434: x
4435: \begin_inset Quotes erd
4436: \end_inset
4437:
4438: , one could specify
4439: \begin_inset Quotes eld
4440: \end_inset
4441:
4442: x@2
4443: \begin_inset Quotes erd
4444: \end_inset
4445:
4446: or
4447: \begin_inset Quotes eld
4448: \end_inset
4449:
4450: x@2;3;4;5
4451: \begin_inset Quotes erd
4452: \end_inset
4453:
4454: .
4455: (It is generally a good idea to give a few sample points.) For
4456: \begin_inset Formula \( 2y^{3}+2x \)
4457: \end_inset
4458:
4459: , with two variables, one could specify
4460: \begin_inset Quotes eld
4461: \end_inset
4462:
4463: x,y@1,2;1,3;2,3;2,2
4464: \begin_inset Quotes erd
4465: \end_inset
4466:
4467: .
4468:
4469: \layout Subsubsection
4470:
4471: Example Formula Response
4472: \layout Standard
4473:
4474: A very simple formula response problem:
4475: \layout Standard
4476:
4477: In the
4478: \series bold
4479: Script
4480: \series default
4481: , place the following:
4482: \layout LyX-Code
4483:
4484: $slope = random(1,5,.5);
4485: \layout LyX-Code
4486:
4487: $yint = random(1,5,.5);
4488: \layout Standard
4489:
4490: In the
4491: \series bold
4492: Text Block
4493: \series default
4494: , place the following:
4495: \begin_inset Quotes eld
4496: \end_inset
4497:
4498: For a line with slope $slope and y-intercept $yint, what is y equal to?
4499: \begin_inset Quotes erd
4500: \end_inset
4501:
4502:
4503: \layout Standard
4504:
4505: In the
4506: \series bold
4507: Answer
4508: \series default
4509: , place the following:
4510: \begin_inset Quotes eld
4511: \end_inset
4512:
4513: $slope*x + $yint
4514: \begin_inset Quotes erd
4515: \end_inset
4516:
4517:
4518: \layout Standard
4519:
4520: Set the Tolerence to 1%.
4521: \layout Standard
4522:
4523: Set the
4524: \series bold
4525: Answer
4526: \series default
4527: to
4528: \begin_inset Quotes eld
4529: \end_inset
4530:
4531: $slope * x + $yint
4532: \begin_inset Quotes erd
4533: \end_inset
4534:
4535: .
4536: \layout Standard
4537:
4538: Set the
4539: \series bold
4540: Sample Points
4541: \series default
4542: to x@0,1,2,3 .
4543: \layout Section
4544:
4545: Things That Need To Be Added
4546: \layout Subsection
4547:
4548: Creating a default metadata file
4549: \layout Subsection
4550:
4551: My questions\SpecialChar \ldots{}
4552:
4553: \layout Itemize
4554:
4555: What is the LON-CAPA default resource? If it's free, can just anyone
4556: \begin_inset Quotes eld
4557: \end_inset
4558:
4559: find and use it
4560: \begin_inset Quotes erd
4561: \end_inset
4562:
4563: , or just
4564: \begin_inset Quotes eld
4565: \end_inset
4566:
4567: use it if they already know where it is
4568: \begin_inset Quotes erd
4569: \end_inset
4570:
4571: ? (In other words, how powerful is the search feature?) What's the difference
4572: between free and public?
4573: \layout Itemize
4574:
4575: How do I look at a map? (Must be part of course?)
4576: \layout Section
4577:
4578: Appendix A: Student Interface
4579: \layout Standard
4580:
4581: \begin_float fig
4582: \layout Caption
4583:
4584: Student Remote Control
4585: \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Student Remote Control}
4586:
4587: \end_inset
4588:
4589:
4590: \end_float
4591: The Student Remote Control will automatically load whenever you log in to
4592: a LON-CAPA course as a student.
4593: The Student Remote Control contains most of the functions of the Author
4594: Remote Control and the following additional functions.
4595: \layout Itemize
4596:
4597:
4598: \series bold
4599: NAV (NAVIGATE CONTENTS)
4600: \series default
4601: allows you to directly access resources from the course outline.
4602: \layout Itemize
4603:
4604:
4605: \series bold
4606: ARROWS (LEFT and RIGHT)
4607: \series default
4608: allows you to move to the backward or forward through the course.
4609: \layout Itemize
4610:
4611:
4612: \series bold
4613: GRDS (MY GRADES)
4614: \series default
4615: allows you to check your grades in the courses you are taking.
4616: \layout Itemize
4617:
4618:
4619: \series bold
4620: SBKM (SET BOOKMARK)
4621: \series default
4622: allows you to bookmark pages for easy access.
4623: \layout Itemize
4624:
4625:
4626: \series bold
4627: VBKM (VIEW BOOKMARK)
4628: \series default
4629: displays your bookmarks for easy access to bookmarked resources.
4630: \layout Itemize
4631:
4632:
4633: \series bold
4634: ANOT (ANOTATE)
4635: \series default
4636: allows you to create personal notes.
4637: \layout Itemize
4638:
4639:
4640: \series bold
4641: LOGOUT (LOGOUT)
4642: \series default
4643: will log you out of the LON-CAPA system.
4644: \layout Standard
4645:
4646:
4647: \begin_inset LatexCommand \printindex{}
4648:
4649: \end_inset
4650:
4651:
4652: \the_end
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