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version 1.3, 2002/06/03 05:15:59	version 1.6, 2002/06/05 21:49:47
Line 27	Line 27
\quotes_times 2	\quotes_times 2
\papercolumns 1	\papercolumns 1
\papersides 1	\papersides 1
\paperpagestyle fancy	\paperpagestyle headings

\layout Title	\layout Title

Line 51 Author's Tutorial And Manual	Line 51 Author's Tutorial And Manual

\layout Standard	\layout Standard
\align center	\align center
This manual was developed by John Williamson in the Office of Medical Education	John Williamson, Felicia Berryman, Jeremy Bowers
Research and Development.
Some information in thie manual is adapted from the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

LON-CAPA Workshop Demo
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

developed by Felicia Berryman in the Laboratory for Instructional Technology
in Education.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

\SpecialChar ~	\SpecialChar ~
Line 91 Michigan State University	Line 80 Michigan State University
Introduction to LON-CAPA	Introduction to LON-CAPA
\layout Comment	\layout Comment

This is a comment which will not show in any other rendering of this document.	This is a comment that will not show in any other rendering of this document.
I will use them to document my observations as I work through this tutorial.	I will use them to document my observations as I work through this tutorial.
\layout Comment	\layout Comment

Line 110 IMHO	Line 99 IMHO
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

LON-CAPA is a web-based interface that helps to organize and present your	LON-CAPA is a web-based interface that helps to organize and present your
course website, deliver and manage problem problems, and manage student	course website, deliver and manage problems, and manage student enrollment.
enrollment.	All author functions are done through a web browser (Netscape 4.x or higher,
All author functions are done using a web browser (Netscape 4.x or higher	a recent Mozilla, or IE 5+ required).
is recommended) and the LON-CAPA Author Interface.
The URL for LON-CAPA is
\family typewriter
http://s10.lite.msu.edu
\family default
.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

At this time, you should have:	At this time, you should have:
Line 128 developed your objectives for your cours	Line 111 developed your objectives for your cours

\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

developed your problems for testing and identified the question formats.	developed your problems for input into LON-CAPA and determined the appropriate
	question formats.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

About This Manual	About This Manual
Line 140 Throughout this manual, keywords and phr	Line 124 Throughout this manual, keywords and phr
bold type	bold type
\series default	\series default
.	.
	Function names and scripts will be shown in a
	\family typewriter
	typewriter font
	\family default
	.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Chapters	Much of this document can be used as a tutorial that will introduce you
	to the authoring system.
	In particular, chapters
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Author Interface}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Author Interface}

\end_inset	\end_inset
Line 152 Chapters	Line 143 Chapters

\end_inset	\end_inset

comprise a tutorial that will introduce you to the authoring system.	comprise a basic tutorial that can get you started using LON-CAPA, even
After that, this document is a reference manual for authoring course materials.	with no previous LON-CAPA experience.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

For more information, see the website at http://help.loncapa.org/, where you	For additional help, visit our FAQ at
can get help and information.	\family typewriter
If you cannot find an answer for your question, please email us and let	http://help.loncapa.org/
us know, so we put the solution to your problem online.	\family default
	.
\layout Section	\layout Section

The LON-CAPA Author Interface	The LON-CAPA Author Interface
Line 179 Login as Course Author	Line 171 Login as Course Author
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

To begin using LON-CAPA, you first need to log in to your account on LON-CAPA.	To begin using LON-CAPA, you first need to log in to your account on LON-CAPA.
Open your web browser and navigate to the LON-CAPA URL:	Open your web browser and navigate to your local LON-CAPA URL.
\family typewriter
http://s10.lite.msu.edu/
\family default
.
You will be presented with a log in screen as in figure	You will be presented with a log in screen as in figure
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{LON-CAPA Log in screen}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{LON-CAPA Log in screen}

Line 256 remote control	Line 244 remote control
complexity of modern remotes, for three major reasons: One, they never,	complexity of modern remotes, for three major reasons: One, they never,
ever, ever change.	ever, ever change.
Two, they provide immense amounts of tactile feedback, allowing one to	Two, they provide immense amounts of tactile feedback, allowing one to
overcome the complexity of using one by putting the knowlege into motor	overcome the complexity of using one by putting the knowledge into motor
memory.	memory.
(There are equivalent usability principles in usability, as well; look	(There are equivalent usability principles in usability, as well; look
up Fitt's Law, for instance.) Three, they all basically do the same thing;	up Fitt's Law, for instance.) Three, they all basically do the same thing;
Line 287 menu	Line 275 menu
remote control space.	remote control space.
\layout Comment	\layout Comment

In fact, the metaphor is so unsuccessful that any moderately savvy internet	In fact, the metaphor is so unsuccessful that any moderately savvy Internet
user will almost immediately come to conceptualize the remote as just another	user will almost immediately come to conceptualize the remote as just another
list of links, albiet a clumsy and inconvenient one.	list of links, albeit a clumsy and inconvenient one.
Why not give them that in the first place?	Why not give them that in the first place?
\layout Comment	\layout Comment

Line 319 remote	Line 307 remote
\layout Comment	\layout Comment

3.	3.
By commiting to this	By committing to this
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

Line 328 remote control	Line 316 remote control
\end_inset	\end_inset

layout, you commit to a remote control's layout limitations, except that	layout, you commit to a remote control's layout limitations, except that
an actual remote control can get away with a 6pt or smaller font, or wierd	an actual remote control can get away with a 6pt or smaller font, or weird
specialized symbols, or whatnot.	specialized symbols, or whatnot.
I'm looking at a (real) remote control right now that manages to get	I'm looking at a (real) remote control right now that manages to get
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
Line 347 ROLES	Line 335 ROLES
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

button takes up on my printout! So in actuality, you're commiting to something	button takes up on my printout! So in actuality, you're committing to something
no sane remote control designer could deal with.	no sane remote control designer could deal with.
\layout Comment	\layout Comment

Line 371 ROLES	Line 359 ROLES

The upshot is that the only upside to the remote control is a moderately	The upshot is that the only upside to the remote control is a moderately
pleasing graphic; the downsides are pretty much everything, up to and including	pleasing graphic; the downsides are pretty much everything, up to and including
possible illegality under accessability laws.	possible illegality under accessibility laws.
Unfortunately, I do not see any way to salvage any aspect of the remote	Unfortunately, I do not see any way to salvage any aspect of the remote
control; it's going to suck until it's replaced.	control; it's going to suck until it's replaced.
Pleasing graphics are relatively easy to come by nowadays; it should not	Pleasing graphics are relatively easy to come by nowadays; it should not
Line 404 The Author Remote Control, show in figur	Line 392 The Author Remote Control, show in figur

, will automatically load whenever you log in to LON-CAPA as the course	, will automatically load whenever you log in to LON-CAPA as the course
instructor.	instructor.
The Author Remote Control is a separate window in your browser, so you	The Author Remote Control is a separate window in your browser, and is
may position it on the screen where you can make the best use of it.	automatically sized and placed in the upper left of the screen.
The Remote Control is a tool that allows you to switch between functions	The Remote Control is a tool that allows you to switch between functions
and roles within LON-CAPA.	and roles within LON-CAPA.

Line 413 The Author Remote Control, show in figur	Line 401 The Author Remote Control, show in figur
\layout Standard	\layout Standard
\align center	\align center

\begin_inset Figure size 177 420	\begin_inset Figure size 180 420
file authorRemote.eps	file authorRemote.eps
height 3 50	height 3 50
flags 9	flags 9
Line 479 RES (RESOURCE SPACE)	Line 467 RES (RESOURCE SPACE)


\series bold	\series bold
EGRD (ENTER GRADES)	SRC (SEARCH LIBRARY)
\series default	\series default
is used to enter grades for students enrolled in your course.	brings up a screen that lets you search the LON-CAPA resources using multiple
	criteria.
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize


\series bold	\series bold
SRC (SEARCH LIBRARY)	PREF (PREFERENCES)
\series default	\series default
brings up a screen that lets you search the LON-CAPA resources using multiple	brings up a screen that allows you to change some preferences.
criteria.
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize


\series bold	\series bold
LOGOUT (LOGOUT)	EXIT (LOGOUT)
\series default	\series default
will log you out of the LON-CAPA system.	will log you out of the LON-CAPA system.
\layout Section	\layout Section
Line 520 Content Page	Line 508 Content Page

displays course content.	displays course content.
It is essentially a conventional HTML page.	It is essentially a conventional HTML page.
	These resources use the extension
\layout Comment	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

	.html
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

Check this; is it exactly like HTML pages?	.
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

A	A
Line 550 Problem	Line 543 Problem

A	A
\series bold	\series bold
Map	Sequence
\series default	\series default

\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Map}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Sequence}

\end_inset	\end_inset

resource of the	is a type of
\series bold	\series bold
Sequence	Map
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Sequence}	\series default

\end_inset	\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Map}

	\end_inset

\series default	which is used to link other resources together.
type represents a programmed series of events.	The users of this resource can use directional buttons on their remote
The users of this resource can use buttons on their remote or the NAV button	or the NAV button to follow the sequence.
to follow the sequence.	Sequences are stored in files that must use the extension
These resources are stored in files that must use the extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

Line 578 Sequence	Line 571 Sequence
\end_inset	\end_inset

.	.
\layout Comment	Sequences can contain other sequences and pages.

What
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

arrow keys
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

? Surely not the ones on the keyboard\SpecialChar \ldots{}

\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

A	A
\series bold	\series bold
Map	Page
\series default	\series default

\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Map}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Page}

\end_inset	\end_inset

resource of the	is a type of
\series bold	\series bold
Page	Map
\series default	\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Map}

\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Page}

\end_inset	\end_inset

type display multiple resources together.
	\series default
	which is used to join other resources together into one HTML page.
For example, a page of problems will appears as a problem set.	For example, a page of problems will appears as a problem set.
These resources are stored in files that must use the extension	These resources are stored in files that must use the extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
Line 646 Construction Space	Line 628 Construction Space
\end_inset	\end_inset


\end_float	\layout Standard
The Construction Space, as seen in figure
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Construction Space Figure}

\end_inset

, is the section of LON-CAPA where you create and manage your course resources.	Contents of the Construction Space:
The Construction Space consists of a green tool bar at the top of the page
and a list of all directories and resources below.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard


\begin_inset Tabular	\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="2" rows="10" columns="2">	<lyxtabular version="2" rows="10" columns="2">
<features rotate="false" islongtable="true" endhead="0" endfirsthead="0" endfoot="0" endlastfoot="0">	<features rotate="false" islongtable="false" endhead="0" endfirsthead="0" endfoot="0" endlastfoot="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="false" width="" special="">	<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="false" width="" special="">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="5in" special="">	<column alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="5in" special="">
<row topline="true" bottomline="true" newpage="false">	<row topline="true" bottomline="true" newpage="false">
Line 852 Type a name in the entry box to create a	Line 828 Type a name in the entry box to create a
\end_inset	\end_inset


	\end_float
	The Construction Space, as seen in figure
	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Construction Space Figure}

	\end_inset

	, is the section of LON-CAPA where you create and manage your course resources.
	The figure explains what each button does.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

How to Create New Content Pages	How to Create New Content Pages
Line 867 How to Create New Content Pages	Line 851 How to Create New Content Pages
Content Pages	Content Pages
\series default	\series default
are HTML documents that display the course information you are presenting.	are HTML documents that display the course information you are presenting.
To create new Content Pages, do the following:
\layout Comment	\layout Standard

	Many users use tools such as Dreamweaver to create web pages.
	To upload HTML files generated with such tools, you can use the
	\series bold
	Browse
	\series default
	button in the Construction Space, locate your HTML file, and use the
	\series bold
	Upload File
	\series default
	button to create a content page in LON-CAPA.
	Remember to upload any graphics your generated web pages may have included.
	\layout Standard

Is step one necessary? I don't see how it could be.	To create new Content Pages, do the following:
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Click the	Click the
Line 878 Click the	Line 875 Click the
CSTR	CSTR
\series default	\series default
button on the LON-CAPA remote.	button on the LON-CAPA remote.
You web page will change to your Construction Space.	Your web page will change to your Construction Space.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

In Location bar of your browser, type in full URL of the new Content Page.	In the Location bar of your browser, type in the full URL of the new Content
	Page.
Make sure the last part of the URL ends with	Make sure the last part of the URL ends with
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset
Line 891 In Location bar of your browser, type in	Line 889 In Location bar of your browser, type in
\end_inset	\end_inset

, for example,	, for example,
	\newline

\emph on	\emph on
http://www.s10.lite.msu.edu/priv/\SpecialChar \-	http://www.s10.lite.msu.edu/priv/username/new_resource.html
directory/new_resource.html
\emph default	\emph default
.	.
Press the Return or Enter key.	\newline
\layout Enumerate	Press the Return or Enter key.

You should see something like the following message:
\series bold
File not found: /home/wmsonj/priv/\SpecialChar \-
directory/new_resource.html
\series default
, and an Edit button.
Click the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Edit
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

button, and an HTML editor will open with a simple page template.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Type the content into the editor,	Type the content into the editor,
\emph on	\emph on
OR	OR
\emph default	\emph default
copy and paste HTML source code into the editor.	copy and paste HTML source code obtained through the use of some other
	HTML authoring program into the editor.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Optionally, click the	Optionally, click the
Line 951 Repeat this process as many times as nec	Line 935 Repeat this process as many times as nec

If you're following this as a tutorial, create at least one content page,	If you're following this as a tutorial, create at least one content page,
which we'll use later as raw material.	which we'll use later as raw material.
	\begin_float footnote
	\layout Standard

	Visit the FAQ at
	\family typewriter
	http://help.lon-capa.org/
	\family default
	if you get
	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

	unmatched tag
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	warnings.
	\end_float
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

How to Edit Existing Content Pages	How to Edit Existing Content Pages
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

You may edit any any Content Pages that have been created.	You may edit any Content Pages that have been created.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

To edit Content Pages:	To edit Content Pages:
Line 975 Click on the link for the name of the Co	Line 976 Click on the link for the name of the Co
Content Page.	Content Page.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Press the Edit button.	Press the
	\series bold
	Edit
	\series default
	button.
Edit the HTML code, or copy and paste HTML source code into the editor.	Edit the HTML code, or copy and paste HTML source code into the editor.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Line 1008 Creating Online Problems Using LON-CAPA	Line 1013 Creating Online Problems Using LON-CAPA
If you're following this as a tutorial, go ahead and make one of each of	If you're following this as a tutorial, go ahead and make one of each of
these problem types now.	these problem types now.
We'll be using them later as raw material to assemble maps and sequences.	We'll be using them later as raw material to assemble maps and sequences.
	\layout Standard

	While several problem types are listed here, in LON-CAPA, all problems are
	actually the same.
	All problems are written in XML, which can be obtained and edited with
	the
	\series bold
	EditXML
	\series default
	button you'll see.
	The problem types listed in this manual are actually just templates.
	As your knowledge advances, you may wish to play with the XML representation
	directly to see what you can do.
\layout Subsubsection	\layout Subsubsection

Problems Types	Problems Types
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

There are five types of problems that can be created with the LON-CAPA system:	In this manual we will cover five basic types of problems: Radio Response,
Radio Response, Option Response, String Response, Numerical Response, and	Option Response, String Response, Numerical Response, and Formula Response.
Formula Response.
You will need to identify which types of problem you want to use and create	You will need to identify which types of problem you want to use and create
appropriate questions for your course.	appropriate questions for your course.
	\layout Standard

	The problem editor gives you a testing area where you can try your problems
	out, with several different randomizations by varying the
	\series bold
	Random Seed
	\series default
	.
	If you answer a problem correctly and can no longer enter new answers,
	you can get the answer field back by hitting the
	\series bold
	Reset Submissions
	\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Reset Submissions}

	\end_inset


	\series default
	button.
\layout Subsubsection	\layout Subsubsection

Foils	Foils
Line 1032 Foil	Line 1068 Foil


\series default	\series default
is a choice in a Radio Response or Option Response problem.	is the statement after the drop-down box or radio button in a Radio Response
For instance, True/False problems have two foils, one for True, and one	or Option Response problem.
for False.
Foils do not need to be text; they can be images or other resources.	Foils do not need to be text; they can be images or other resources.
\layout Subsubsection	\layout Subsubsection

Line 1050 Radio Response	Line 1085 Radio Response
\series bold	\series bold
Radio Response	Radio Response
\series default	\series default
problems represent multiple choice questions.	problems present a list of foils, with buttons in front.
A True/False problem is a special case of Radio Response problem with two	The student can select
foils, True or False.	\emph on
\layout Standard	one
	\emph default
Multiple choice problems contain between 3 and 10 foils.	of these statements by clicking the appropriate radio button.
You may display from three to five foils for each problem and the system
randomly picks the choices that are presented to the student.
\layout Comment

Eh? If this means what I think it means, clarify.
Is the system really incapable of showing eight choices all at once?
\layout Subsubsection	\layout Subsubsection

Option Response	Option Response
Line 1072 Option Response	Line 1101 Option Response
Problems	Problems
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Option Response problems present foils to the student with drop-down boxes.
A group of foils is created for each concept group, and the system will	\series bold
pick one to present to the student from each group.	Option Response
The student must match each of his or her questions correctly to the possible	\series default
answers before receiving credit for the problem.	problems present foils to the student with drop-down boxes.
For more details, see the Create Option Response (	The student can select the matching choice for the foils from a list of
	choices.
	Optionally, the foils may be bundled into Concept Groups, and the system
	will select one foil from each displayed group to display to the student.
	For more details, see Create Option Response in section
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Create Option Response Problem}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Create Option Response Problem}

\end_inset	\end_inset

).	.
\layout Subsubsection	\layout Subsubsection

String Response Problems	String Response Problems
Line 1137 Samuel Clements	Line 1170 Samuel Clements
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

, then the student will definately get it wrong.	, then the student will definitely get it wrong.
There is some room for flexibility in the string processing, but it can	There is some room for flexibility in the string processing, but it can
be difficult to get it all right.	be difficult to get it all right.
Before you use a String Response problem, be sure you can easily characterize	Before you use a String Response problem, be sure you can easily characterize
Line 1158 Numerical Response	Line 1191 Numerical Response
\series default	\series default
problems are answered by entering a number and (optionally) a unit, such	problems are answered by entering a number and (optionally) a unit, such
as 2.5 m/s^2.	as 2.5 m/s^2.
Tolerance and significant digits can be specified as well.	Tolerance and required significant digits can be specified as well.
\layout Subsubsection	\layout Subsubsection

Formula Response Problems	Formula Response Problems
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Formula Response problems are questions in which the student types in a
math formula for the answer.	\series bold
	Formula Response
	\series default
	problems ask the student to type in a math formula for the answer.
If the answer is	If the answer is
\begin_inset Formula $ x^{2}-11 $	\begin_inset Formula $ x^{2}-11 $
\end_inset	\end_inset
Line 1182 Creating Radio Response Problems	Line 1218 Creating Radio Response Problems
\layout Standard	\layout Standard
\align center	\align center

\begin_inset Figure size 476 201	\begin_inset Figure size 476 202
file creatingNewProblemResource.eps	file creatingNewProblemResource.eps
width 3 80	width 3 80
flags 13	flags 13
Line 1199 Creating A New Problem Resource	Line 1235 Creating A New Problem Resource


\end_float	\end_float
To create an Radio Response	To create a Radio Response
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Radio Response}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Radio Response}

\end_inset	\end_inset
Line 1254 Radio Response Creation Form	Line 1290 Radio Response Creation Form


\end_float	\end_float
You will need to create the posible answers and the questions.	You will need to specify the question text and foil statements.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

In the drop-down option box as seen in	In the drop-down option box as seen in figure
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}

\end_inset	\end_inset
Line 1278 Click the	Line 1314 Click the
Edit	Edit
\series default	\series default
button above the sample problem to enter edit mode.	button above the sample problem to enter edit mode.
	You should see an editing screen like figure
	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Radio Response Creation Form}

	\end_inset

	.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

In the	In the
Line 1342 Four.	Line 1384 Four.
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

	Make sure this is set to
	\series bold
	true
	\series default
	in the
	\series bold
	Correct Option
	\series default
	field.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Below it, you will see	Below it, you will see
Line 1363 Purple.	Line 1413 Purple.
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

	Make sure this is set to
	\series bold
	false
	\series default
	in the
	\series bold
	Correct Option
	\series default
	field.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Repeat the previous step until you've filled in all of the other incorrect	Repeat the previous step until you've filled in all of the other incorrect
Line 1409 Scroll down to the Hint element, as show	Line 1467 Scroll down to the Hint element, as show

.	.
Type some text that will help students when they answer incorrectly.	Type some text that will help students when they answer incorrectly.
	You may delete the hint by selecting
	\series bold
	Yes
	\series default
	from the
	\series bold
	Delete
	\series default
	drop-down box.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Click the	Click the
Line 1434 true	Line 1501 true
\series bold	\series bold
true	true
\series default	\series default
, so you can have questions with multiple correct answers.	, but only one will be shown to any given student.
If it is set to	If it is set to
\series bold	\series bold
false	false
Line 1464 Maximum Number of Shown Foils	Line 1531 Maximum Number of Shown Foils
box contains the number of incorrect answers, which will force them to	box contains the number of incorrect answers, which will force them to
all be displayed.	all be displayed.
If you wish to force the system to display the foils in the order you have	If you wish to force the system to display the foils in the order you have
created them in, type the HTML tag	created them in, type the tag
\series bold	\series bold
<norandom>	<norandom />
\series default	\series default
into your problem text.	into your problem text.
This can be useful with the ever-popular	This can be useful with the ever-popular
Line 1479 All of the above	Line 1546 All of the above

choice, which must be displayed in the correct place or its meaning will	choice, which must be displayed in the correct place or its meaning will
change.	change.
\layout Subsubsection

True/False
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{True/False Problem}

\end_inset

Problem
\layout Standard

A True/False problem is a Radio Response problem with two choices, True
and False.
set the
\series bold
Maximum Number of Shown Foils
\series default
to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

, and mark the correct answer
\series bold
true
\series default
.
For example, for the True/False question
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Napolean conquered Japan in the year 189 A.D.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

, mark the foil containing the answer
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

False
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

as
\series bold
true
\series default
, because it is the correct answer.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

Option Response	Option Response
Line 1542 Option Response	Line 1559 Option Response
\end_inset	\end_inset

Problems	Problems
	\layout Subsubsection

	Option Response problems with Concept Groups
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

\begin_float fig	\begin_float fig
Line 1565 Option Response Problem	Line 1585 Option Response Problem


\end_float	\end_float
Each Option Response problem has three parts:	Each Option Response problem can have three parts:
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

The Concept Groups	The Concept Groups
Line 1604 Concept Group	Line 1624 Concept Group
\series default	\series default
has some number of foils representing questions which are conceptually	has some number of foils representing questions which are conceptually
related.	related.
Option Response Problems can have between 4 and 8 Concept Groups in a problem.	Option Response Problem Templates are available for 4 and 8 Concept Groups.
When the Option Response problem is presented to a student, the LON-CAPA	When the Option Response problem is presented to a student, the LON-CAPA
system will randomly select one foil from each Concept Group and present	system will randomly select one foil from each Concept Group and present
it to the student.	it to the student.
In order to receive credit for the problem, the student must answer all	In order to receive credit for the problem, the student must select the
of the Concept Group foils correctly.	corresponding option from the drop-down box for each given foil.
\layout Subsubsection	\layout Subsubsection

Example: Concept Group	Example: Concept Group
Line 1664 For each foil, the author marks it True	Line 1684 For each foil, the author marks it True
Example: Matching Problem	Example: Matching Problem
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

You might want to ask the student to match musical compositions with their	Option Response problems can be used as matching problems as well.
composers.	\layout Standard

	For example, you might want to ask the student to match musical compositions
	with their composers.
You could create an Option Response problem with 4 Concept Groups, and	You could create an Option Response problem with 4 Concept Groups, and
place the following four things each in their own concept group:	place the following four foil groups each in its own concept group:
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

Claire de Lune	Claire de Lune
Line 1675 Claire de Lune	Line 1698 Claire de Lune

\end_inset	\end_inset

	, Ballade
\begin_float footnote	\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Line 1683 Debussy.	Line 1706 Debussy.
\end_float	\end_float
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

The Pastoral Symphony	The Pastoral Symphony, The Ninth Symphony
\begin_float footnote	\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Beethoven's Sixth Symphony.	Beethoven.
\end_float	\end_float
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

Sleeping Beauty Suite	Sleeping Beauty Suite, The Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairies
\begin_float footnote	\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Line 1699 Tchaikovsky.	Line 1722 Tchaikovsky.
\end_float	\end_float
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

The Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairies	Slavonic Dances, New World Symphony
\begin_float footnote	\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Also Tchaikovsky, from The Nutcracker.	Dvorak.
\end_float	\end_float
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Line 1722 Schubert	Line 1745 Schubert
Tchaikovsky	Tchaikovsky
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

Bach	Dvorak
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

The same answers can be used more then once, or not at all, as you see fit.	The same answers can be used more then once, or not at all, as you see fit.
Line 1768 problem	Line 1791 problem
.	.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

In the drop-down option box as seen in	In the drop-down option box as seen in figure
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}

\end_inset	\end_inset
Line 1842 Locate the	Line 1865 Locate the
Max Number of Shown Foils	Max Number of Shown Foils
\series default	\series default
element and type a number from 1 to 8 to display that number of questions.	element and type a number from 1 to 8 to display that number of questions.
You cannot display more then one foil from each concept group, so this	You cannot display more than one foil from each concept group, so this
option will only reduce the number of foils displayed, if it is less then	option will only reduce the number of foils displayed, if it is less than
the number of concept groups in your Option Response problem.	the number of concept groups in your Option Response problem.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Line 1867 Save Changes	Line 1890 Save Changes
Save Changes	Save Changes
\series default	\series default
button, your option will not be selectable below.	button, your option will not be selectable below.
\layout Enumerate	(You will delete unwanted options in the last step.)

To delete the irrelevant options from the Option Response question, select
that option from the
\series bold
Delete Option
\series default
dropdown, and hit the Save Changes button.
Do that for each option you wish to remove.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Now, you need to define the question foils.	Now, you need to define the question foils.
Line 1926 In the Hint area, provide a helpful hint	Line 1941 In the Hint area, provide a helpful hint
Save Changes	Save Changes
\series default	\series default
button.	button.
	\layout Enumerate

	Make sure all the options you want to delete are not used for any of your
	foils
	\begin_float footnote
	\layout Standard

	If a deleted option is used in a foil, it will appear in a text box in the

	\series bold
	Correct Option
	\series default
	area for that foil.
	To make the drop-down box reappear, type an option already defined in the

	\series bold
	Select Options
	\series default
	field, and hit
	\series bold
	Submit Changes
	\series default
	.
	A drop-down box will reappear.
	\end_float
	.
	To delete the irrelevant options from the Option Response question, select
	that option from the
	\series bold
	Delete an Option
	\series default
	drop down, and hit the
	\series bold
	Save Changes
	\series default
	button.
	Do that for each option you wish to remove.
	\layout Subsubsection

	Simple Option Response: No Concept Groups
	\layout Standard

	If you select
	\series bold
	Simple Option Response
	\series default
	from the drop-down box, you get a template that will allow you to enter
	up to eight foils with no grouping.
	The system will randomly mix these foils when presenting them to the student.
	You can have more foils then the
	\series bold
	Max Num of Shown Foils
	\series default
	so that each student will not have the identical foils.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

Creating a String Response Problem	Creating a String Response Problem
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

To create an String Response problem, create a new resource as described	To create a String Response problem, create a new resource as described
in section	in section
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}

Line 1963 problem	Line 2032 problem
.	.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

In the drop-down option box as seen in	In the drop-down option box as seen in figure
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource}

\end_inset	\end_inset

, select	, select
\series bold	\series bold
Simple String Response Problem	String Response Problem
\series default	\series default
, and click the	, and click the
\series bold	\series bold
Line 2014 String Response Editor	Line 2083 String Response Editor
.	.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Clear the text from the Text Block at the top of the problem, and type in	Clear the text from the
your problem's question.	\series bold
	Text Block
	\series default
	at the top of the problem, and type in your problem.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

In the	In the
Line 2025 Answer Box	Line 2097 Answer Box
, type the correct answer.	, type the correct answer.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Select the answer condition from the drop down box.	Select the answer condition from the drop-down.
There are three cases to choose from:	There are three cases to choose from:
\begin_deeper	\begin_deeper
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate
Line 2043 Case Sensitive	Line 2115 Case Sensitive
\end_inset	\end_inset

.	.
For example, this is useful in Chemistry, where HO and Ho are completely	For example, this is useful in chemistry, where HO and Ho are completely
different answers	different answers
\begin_float footnote	\begin_float footnote
\end_deeper	\end_deeper
Line 2073 ci	Line 2145 ci
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

Case Insenstive	Case Insensitive
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

Line 2137 Multiple Choice	Line 2209 Multiple Choice

.	.
The student's answers must contain the same letters as the question author's,	The student's answers must contain the same letters as the question author's,
but order is unimportent.	but order is unimportant.
This is usually used to give a multiple choice question in the question's	This is usually used to give a multiple choice question in the question's

\series bold	\series bold
Line 2195 abcg	Line 2267 abcg
.	.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

It is conventional to tell the students whether the question is case sensitive	It is conventional to inform the students if the problem is case sensitive,
or not.	or that the order of the answers doesn't matter.
\end_deeper	\end_deeper
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Line 2207 Single Line Text Entry Area	Line 2279 Single Line Text Entry Area
block and set a length in the Size box.	block and set a length in the Size box.
This will only affect the size of the box on the screen; if you set the	This will only affect the size of the box on the screen; if you set the
box size to 2, the student can still enter 3 or more letters in their answer.	box size to 2, the student can still enter 3 or more letters in their answer.
\begin_deeper
\layout Comment

This seems like a great feature to either eliminate, or make useful.
Allowing the teacher to limit it to 3, and then not letting the student
type more then 3 chars might be a way of giving the student a hint.
Probably not worth it, as the problem text can always just say
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Pick two of the following
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
This is probably not a useful feature.
\end_deeper
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Scroll down to the Hint element, and type some text that will help students	Scroll down to the
when they answer incorrectly.	\series bold
	Hint
	\series default
	element, and type some text that will help students when they answer incorrectl
	y, or delete the hint by setting the
	\series bold
	Delete
	\series default
	field to
	\series bold
	Yes
	\series default
	.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Click the Submit Changes button.	Click the
	\series bold
	Submit Changes
	\series default
	button.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

Creating Numerical Response And Formula Response Problems	Creating Numerical Response And Formula Response Problems
Line 2254 Numerical Response problems are answered	Line 2325 Numerical Response problems are answered
\begin_inset Formula $ x^{2}+11 $	\begin_inset Formula $ x^{2}+11 $
\end_inset	\end_inset

, the system will accept	, the system will also accept
\begin_inset Formula $ x*x-11 $	\begin_inset Formula $ x*x+11 $
\end_inset	\end_inset

or	or
\begin_inset Formula $ x^{2}+21-10 $	\begin_inset Formula $ x^{2}+21-10 $
\end_inset	\end_inset

as well.	.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Creating Numerical Response and Formula Response problems starts the same	Creating Numerical Response and Formula Response problems starts the same
as the other problem types, but because of the power of Numerical Response	as the other problem types, but because of the power of Numerical Response
and Formula Response problems, it is too difficult to cover them in this	and Formula Response problems, they are covered in their own section after
tutorial.	the end of the tutorial.
For more information about these problem types, please see section	For more information about these problem types, please see section
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Numerical Response}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Numerical Response}

Line 2285 Creating Numerical Response and Formula	Line 2356 Creating Numerical Response and Formula
Publishing Your Resources	Publishing Your Resources
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

In order to make the content you've created available for courses to use,	In order to make the content you've created available for use in courses,
you must publish your content.	you must publish your content.
LON-CAPA provides an easy interface for publishing your content pages,	LON-CAPA provides an easy interface for publishing your content pages,
problem resources, and sequences.	problem resources, and sequences.
A common interface allows you to specify title, author information, keywords,	You can specify title, author information, keywords, and other metadata.
and other metadata.	LON-CAPA uses this metadata for many things, and it's important to fill
LON-CAPA uses this metadata for many things, and it's importent to fill
the metadata out as accurately as possible.	the metadata out as accurately as possible.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

Line 2324 data about data	Line 2394 data about data
For instance, if you create a problem and neglect to say in the title or	For instance, if you create a problem and neglect to say in the title or
subject of the problem what it is about, then a human who wants to use	subject of the problem what it is about, then a human who wants to use
that problem would have to read the problem itself to see what it was about,	that problem would have to read the problem itself to see what it was about,
which is much more difficult then just reading a title.	which is much more difficult than just reading a title.
A computer trying to do the same thing would just be out of luck; it is	A computer trying to do the same thing would just be out of luck; it is
too stupid to understand the problem statement at all.	too stupid to understand the problem statement at all.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

One example of metadata you use all the time is the <TITLE> of a webpage,	One example of metadata is the <title> of a web page, which usually shows
which usually shows up in the title bar of the browser.	up in the title bar of the browser.
That's information about the webpage itself, not actually part of the web	That's information about the web page itself, not actually part of the
page.	web page.
People use it when they bookmark a page, so they know what the page is.	People use the title information when they bookmark a page, so they know
	what the page is.
Search engines use it as a clue about the content of the web page.	Search engines use it as a clue about the content of the web page.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

Line 2422 Publishing Metadata Screen	Line 2493 Publishing Metadata Screen

\layout Standard	\layout Standard

The language is the language the problem is written in.	The
The Publisher/Owner is the person who owns the problem; it should be the	\series bold
email address where anybody with questions about the resource can contact	Language
someone who can help them.	\series default
In smaller environments, this is likely to be the author.	is the language the problem is written in.
In larger environments, it may be a coordinator or manager.	The
	\series bold
	Publisher/Owner
	\series default
	is the LON-CAPA user who owns the problem.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

The	The
Line 2453 pulley	Line 2528 pulley
\end_inset	\end_inset

as a key word.	as a key word.
LON-CAPA pulls out likely-looking keywords for you so you can just click	LON-CAPA pulls out words used in the text of the resource for you so you
on them to make them keywords.	can just click on their check boxes to make them keywords.

\series bold	\series bold
Additional keywords	Additional keywords
Line 2472 statics	Line 2547 statics
, even though it doesn't appear in the original problem, because Physics	, even though it doesn't appear in the original problem, because Physics
uses that as a classification of problem type.	uses that as a classification of problem type.

	\series bold
	Additional Keywords
	\series default
	are also useful when publishing graphics.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Finally, you need to set the copyright and distribution notice.	Finally, you need to set the copyright and distribution permissions in the
This setting controls who is allowed to use your resource.

	\series bold
	COPYRIGHT/DISTRIBUTION
	\series default
	drop-down.
	This setting controls who is allowed to use your resource as follows:
	\layout Comment

	Is this right?
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize


Line 2542 In order to create a useful course, we n	Line 2628 In order to create a useful course, we n
so that students can use them.	so that students can use them.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

Binding Together Resources In One Map: Page	Creating Sequences
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Page}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Sequence}

\end_inset	\end_inset


\layout Standard	\layout Standard

	A
	\series bold
	Sequence
	\series default
	is a series of resources that can be navigated using the
	\series bold
	NAV
	\series default
	remote control button, or by using the arrow keys on the remote control.

	\layout Standard

\begin_float fig	\begin_float fig
\layout Standard	\layout Standard
\align center	\align center

\begin_inset Figure size 429 66	\begin_inset Figure size 238 83
file mapEditingButton.eps	file mapEditorSelection.eps
	width 3 40
flags 9	flags 9

\end_inset	\end_inset
Line 2563 flags 9	Line 2662 flags 9

\layout Caption	\layout Caption

Map Editing Button	Map Editor Selection
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Editing Button Figure}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Editor Selection Figure}

\end_inset	\end_inset


\end_float	\end_float
To join several resources into one page, you need to create a	To create a Sequence resource, create a new resource as described in section
\series bold
Map
\series default
of type
\series bold
Page
\series default
.
To create Page resource, create a new resource as described in section

\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}

Line 2590 Page	Line 2680 Page
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

page	sequence
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

Line 2598 page	Line 2688 page
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

.page	.sequence
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

Line 2607 page	Line 2697 page
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

.page	.sequence
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

, you should see a screen as in figure	, you should see a screen as in figure
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editing Button Figure}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Selection Figure}

\end_inset	\end_inset

.	.
Click the button to get to the sequence editor.	You can use either the advanced editor or the simplified editor.
	\layout Subsection

	Creating a Simple .sequence With The Simple Editor
	\layout Standard

\begin_float fig	\begin_float fig
\layout Standard	\layout Standard
\align center	\align center

\begin_inset Figure size 476 226	\begin_inset Figure size 476 250
file mapEditInitial.eps	file mapSimpleEditor.eps
width 3 80	width 3 80
flags 11	flags 9

\end_inset	\end_inset


\layout Caption	\layout Caption

Initial Map Editor	Simple Map Editor
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Initial Map Editor FIgure}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Simple Map Editor}

\end_inset	\end_inset


\end_float	\end_float
After the system notices the map does not yet exist and creates it for you.	After creating a new .sequence resource and getting the editor selection
You should the initial map editor as seen in figure	prompt (figure
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Initial Map Editor FIgure}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Selection Figure}

\end_inset	\end_inset

.	), click the
Note there are two windows.	\series bold
One is the workspace, and one is the window which will contain information	Simple Edit
as you add resources.	\series default
\layout Subsection	button to get to the simple map editor, which appears in figure
	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Simple Map Editor}

	\end_inset

About The Editor	.

\layout Standard	\layout Standard

\begin_float fig	The Simple Editor can create .sequences and .pages which are linear, which
\layout Caption	means they have no branches or conditions.
	\layout Standard

Example of the Map Editor	On the right side of the simple editor is the
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Editor Example Figure}	\series bold
	Target
	\series default
	, which represents the map you are currently building.
	On the left side is the
	\series bold
	Import
	\series default
	area, which represents a work area you can use for your convenience to
	load and manipulate resource you may wish to include in your map.
	Using the three buttons in the middle of the screen, from top to bottom
	you can cut things out of the Target, copy from the Target to the Import,
	and copy from the Import to the Target, respectively.
	\layout Standard

\end_inset	On both sides of the screen, you can do a Group Search and a Group Import.
	A Group Search allows you to run a search, then import selected results
	from that search into either directly into your Map, or into your Import
	space.
	Checkboxes will appear next to the results in the Group Search, and you
	can click the resource you wish to add to your map in the order that you
	want them added.
	After you select the resource, you will be presented with a screen that
	allows you to change the order of the selected resources, then you will
	be able to import the selected resources and work with them.
	\layout Standard

	A Group Import works in a similar fashion, but allows you to use the LON-CAPA
	network browser to select your resources.
	\layout Standard

\end_float	On the Import side, you can also browse for another Map, and load the resources
Maps are very powerful and can do a lot.	used in that map into your Import workspace.
They can make decisions as the user progresses, and go down different paths	You can also discard the selected resources, clear all the resources, and
under different circumstances.	view the selected resource from the buttons on the Import side of the screen.
For instance, a map can go down one path if the user gets a problem right,
and another path if they don't.

\layout Standard	\layout Standard

To facilitate editing these powerful entities, LON-CAPA has a map editor	Both list boxes support standard multi-select mechanisms as used in your
that helps you take advantage of this power, as seen in figure	OS.
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Example Figure}	\layout Subsection

	Creating a Simple .sequence With The Advanced Editor
	\layout Standard

	After creating a new .sequence resource and getting the editor selection
	prompt (figure
	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Selection Figure}

\end_inset	\end_inset

.	), click the
The map editor can display the different paths in your browser, and allow
you to edit, insert, and delete resources from your map.
The editor has a
\series bold
Start
\series default
area and a
\series bold	\series bold
Finish	Advanced Edit
\series default	\series default
area.	button to get to the advanced map editor.
The students in the course will progress along on path or another, depending
on decisions made at each resource, as explained later.	\begin_float fig
Different paths are represented with different lines in the map editor.
In the example figure, there are two paths the student can go down, depending
on whether or not they get the problem at the branch point correct.
By the end of this section, we'll create the map represented in this figure.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard
	\align center

The branching ability can obviously be used to help the student understand	\begin_inset Figure size 476 205
the concept in the problem by having them go through some extra material	file mapAdvancedEditorNew.eps
based on their performance, but the total uses of this feature are limited	width 3 80
only by your imagination.	flags 11
\layout Subsection

Creating a Simple Map: Page	\end_inset
\layout Standard

	\layout Caption

	Initial Map Editor
	\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Initial Map Editor FIgure}

To add a resource to the map:	\end_inset


	\end_float
	You should see the initial map editor as shown in figure
	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Initial Map Editor FIgure}

	\end_inset

	.
	Note there are two windows: One is the workspace, and one is a secondary
	window which will contain information as you add resources.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Click on an unused light gray area.
\begin_float fig	\begin_float fig
\layout Standard	\layout Standard
\align center	\align center

\begin_inset Figure size 476 242	\begin_inset Figure size 476 221
file mapEditFirstClick.eps	file mapClickedStart.eps
width 3 80	width 3 80
flags 9	flags 9

Line 2726 flags 9	Line 2860 flags 9

\layout Caption	\layout Caption

Map Editor after clicking on the box labelled	After clicking
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\series bold
	Start
	\series default
	in the Map Constructor
	\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Clicked Start Figure}

\end_inset	\end_inset

here
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\end_float
	Click the
	\series bold
	Start
	\series default
	box.
	You'll see what you see in figure
	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Clicked Start Figure}

\end_inset	\end_inset

.	.
	Click
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Editor First Click Figure}	\series bold
	Link Resource
	\series default
	in the secondary window, then click on the
	\series bold
	Finish
	\series default
	box.
	\begin_float fig
	\layout Standard
	\align center

	\begin_inset Figure size 70 210
	file mapStraightened.eps
	height 3 25
	flags 9

\end_inset	\end_inset


\end_float	\layout Caption
In figure
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor First Click Figure}

\end_inset	Straightened Map
	\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Striaghtened map}

, the map editor after clicking on the area labelled
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

here
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

is shown.	\end_float
In that figure, lines have been added to show where the box boundaries	After that, click
are for the purposes of demonstration.	\series bold
This is to allow you to stay in sync with this tutorial; normally this	Straighten
doesn't matter.	\series default
	.
\begin_deeper	You should see something like figure
\layout Standard	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Striaghtened map}

Note that the contents of the seperate window have changed.	\end_inset
\end_deeper
	.
	This creates a simple map that flows from beginning to end.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

\begin_float fig	\begin_float fig
\layout Standard	\layout Standard
\align center	\align center

\begin_inset Figure size 476 218	\begin_inset Figure size 271 252
file mapNewResource.eps	file mapInsertResource.eps
width 3 80	height 3 30
flags 9	flags 9

\end_inset	\end_inset
Line 2782 flags 9	Line 2940 flags 9

\layout Caption	\layout Caption

Map Resource Editor	Inserting a Resource
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Resource Editor Figure}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Inserting a Resource Figure}

\end_inset	\end_inset


\end_float	\end_float
Click on	To insert a resource into the flow, click the black line with two arrows,
	seen between the
\series bold	\series bold
Insert Resource	Start
\series default	\series default
in the secondary window.	and
A
\series bold	\series bold
Resource	Finish
\series default	\series default
will appear in the map editor.	boxes in figure
Click on the new Resource, and you'll get something like Figure	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Striaghtened map}
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Resource Editor Figure}
	\end_inset

	.
	In the secondary window, you'll see something like figure
	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Inserting a Resource Figure}

\end_inset	\end_inset

will show appear.	.
Click	Click
\series bold	\series bold
	Insert Resource Into Link
	\series default
	.
	A new resource box will appear in the link.
	Click the resource, which will have the label
	\series bold
	Res
	\series default
	.
	\layout Enumerate

	Click
	\series bold
Browse	Browse
\series default	\series default
, and the	, and the
Line 2818 Network Directory Browser	Line 2994 Network Directory Browser
\layout Standard	\layout Standard
\align center	\align center

\begin_inset Figure size 476 216	\begin_inset Figure size 357 162
file mapEditorDirectoryBrowser.eps	file mapEditorDirectoryBrowser.eps
width 3 80	width 3 60
flags 9	flags 9

\end_inset	\end_inset
Line 2841 Network Directory Browser	Line 3017 Network Directory Browser
\end_inset	\end_inset

.	.
Press the select button that is next to the resource you want to include.	Press the
	\series bold
	SELECT
	\series default
	button that is next to the resource you want to place in the chosen resource
	box.
\begin_float fig	\begin_float fig
\layout Standard	\layout Standard
\align center	\align center

\begin_inset Figure size 476 213	\begin_inset Figure size 42 252
file mapEditorResourceChosen.eps	file mapEditorResourceChosen.eps
width 3 80	height 3 30
flags 9	flags 9

\end_inset	\end_inset
Line 2861 Resource Chosen	Line 3042 Resource Chosen

\end_inset	\end_inset

(HTML page)
\end_float	\end_float
Once you've done that, if you look back at the window that popped up when	Once you've done that, if you look back at the window that popped up when
you clicked on	you clicked on
Line 2882 URL	Line 3063 URL
\series bold	\series bold
Title	Title
\series default	\series default
if you prefer, following the format you see above.	into the secondary window, if you prefer, following the format you see
	when you've successfully browsed to a resource.
After you click	After you click
\series bold	\series bold
Save Changes	Save Changes
\series default	\series default
, your changes will be saved, and the icons for the resource will appear	, your changes will be set, and the icons for the resource will appear in
in the	the
\series bold	\series bold
Res	Res
\series default	\series default
Line 2898 Res	Line 3080 Res
\end_inset	\end_inset

.	.
	Click
	\series bold
	Save Map
	\series default
	in the bar above your map to save the map.
\begin_deeper	\begin_deeper
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Line 2908 Clicking on the left icon for a resource	Line 3095 Clicking on the left icon for a resource
\end_deeper	\end_deeper
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Let's give practice giving ourselves a bit more space.	Repeat steps two and three for as many resources as you'd like to bind together
Click on the grey space just left of your resource, and select	into one page.
\series bold	You can insert the new resources anywhere you'd like.
Insert Column Right
\series default
.
This will add a column to the right of that space.
Now, click on the bottom row in the grey area, and select
\series bold
Insert Row Above
\series default
.
This gives us enough space to work with.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Now, in the map editor window, click just to the left of the	When you are done adding resources, click the
\series bold	\series bold
Res	Save Map
\series default	\series default
box.	link to save the map.
\begin_float fig
\layout Standard	\layout Standard
\align center

\begin_inset Figure size 357 190	In addition to manually adding in resources, the Advanced Editor also has
file mapSecondWindowSecondResource.eps	the ability to import resource in the same way that the Simple Editor can:
flags 9	From a LON-CAPA network browser window, from a Group Search, or from another
	Map.
\end_inset	\layout Standard

	The advanced editor has many more capabilities which you can explore.
	\layout Subsection

\layout Caption	Page Maps
	\layout Standard

Choosing your second resource	Creating a .page map is the same as creating a sequence map, except that
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Second Resource Figure}	when choosing the name of the resource, the URL will end with
	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

	.page
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

	.
	Then all resources you add in the map editor will appear on one page together.
	\layout Standard

\end_float	Pages are often used to connect problems in a homework set.
The secondary window will appear as it does in figure	\layout Subsection
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Second Resource Figure}

\end_inset	Creating a Course: Top-level Sequence
	\layout Standard

, but for now just choose	In order to view sequences, they need to be part of a
\series bold	\series bold
Insert Resource	course
\series default	\series default
again, not the new options.	.
Insert a resource in the same manner as before.
\begin_float fig	\begin_float fig
\layout Standard	\layout Standard
\align center	\align center

\begin_inset Figure size 476 243	\begin_inset Figure size 238 231
file mapTwoResources.eps	file creatingANewCourse.eps
width 3 80	width 3 40
flags 11	flags 9

\end_inset	\end_inset


\layout Caption	\layout Caption

Two Resource in the Map Editor	Creating a New Course
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Two Resources in the Map Editor Figure}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Creating a New Course Figure}

\end_inset	\end_inset


\end_float	\end_float
You should have something that looks like figure	Courses have a Top-level Map which defines the whole course.
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Two Resources in the Map Editor Figure}	This top-level map will often itself contain maps corresponding to homework
	assignments, chapters, or units.
\end_inset	To view your maps, you will need to make them part of a course.
	Only Domain Coordinators can make courses and set their Top-level maps,
, though the exact placement may differ.	so work with your Domain Coordinator if you need to view your maps.
Now we need to link them together.
\layout Enumerate

Click the Start box.
In the secondary window, select
\series bold
Link Resource
\series default
.
The secondary window will prompt you to click on the resource you want
to link it to.
Click the first resource you added to the map.
A new link is created.
\layout Enumerate

Repeat the last step, linking the first resource to the second resource,
and the second resource to
\series bold
Finish
\series default
.
\layout Enumerate

Now, in the editor window, click
\series bold
Save Map
\series default
.
A dialog box will pop up, telling you the map has been saved.
\layout Standard

Now that you
\layout Section	\layout Section

Numerical Response	Numerical Response
Line 3030 Numerical Response	Line 3182 Numerical Response

\end_inset	\end_inset

Problems	And Formula Response Questions
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Numerical Response problems are very powerful.	Numerical Response problems are very powerful.
In fact, they are so powerful it would be impossible to fully explain what	In fact, they are so powerful it would be impossible to fully explain what
is possible in a document like this.	is possible in a document like this.
This chapter will focus on just getting you started with Numerical Response	This chapter will focus on getting you started with Numerical Response
problems, and showing you some of the possibilities, with no prerequisite	problems, and showing you some of the possibilities, with no prerequisite
knowlege necessary.	knowledge necessary.
The more you learn, the more you will find you can do.	The more you learn, the more you will find you can do.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

In this chapter and the next, I will use the terms
\series bold
static
\series default
and
\series bold
dynamic
\series default
.

\series bold
Static
\series default
means the object never changes, and is the same for each student.
By contrast,
\series bold
dynamic
\series default
means the value can change, because there is some script that computes
it for each student.
\layout Standard

If you like, you can follow this chapter along as its own tutorial.	If you like, you can follow this chapter along as its own tutorial.
Create a Numerical Response problem using the instructions in section	Create a Numerical Response problem using the instructions in section
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages}
Line 3129 Script	Line 3259 Script
The Script language is	The Script language is
\series bold	\series bold
Perl	Perl
\begin_float footnote	\series default
\layout Standard

For lots and lots more information about Perl, see the Perl website at http://ww
w.perl.org/ .
\end_float
.	.
You do not need to know Perl to use the Script block, as we will be stepping	You do not need to know Perl to use the
through some advanced examples in this chapter, but knowing Perl can help.	\series bold
	Script
	\series default
	block, as we will be stepping through some advanced examples in this chapter,
	but knowing Perl can help.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

Like other problem types, the	Like other problem types, the
Line 3145 Like other problem types, the	Line 3274 Like other problem types, the
Text Block	Text Block
\series default	\series default
is used to display the problem the student will see.	is used to display the problem the student will see.
In addition, you can place things in the	In addition, you can place variables in the
\series bold	\series bold
Text Block	Text Block
\series default	\series default
Line 3177 tolerance	Line 3306 tolerance


\series default	\series default
parameter, which determines how closely the system will require the student	parameter, which determines how closely the system will require the student's
answer to be in order to count it correct.	answer to be in order to count it correct.
For technical reasons, it is almost never a good idea to set this parameter	For technical reasons, it is almost never a good idea to set this parameter
to zero	to zero
Line 3222 need	Line 3351 need
\end_float	\end_float
, though you may find the default too large for some problems.	, though you may find the default too large for some problems.
There are two kinds of tolerance.	There are two kinds of tolerance.
If there is some answer	For some answer
\begin_inset Formula $ a $	\begin_inset Formula $ a $
\end_inset	\end_inset

Line 3334 t	Line 3463 t
is interpreted as a percentage.	is interpreted as a percentage.
Any number in the tolerance field	Any number in the tolerance field
\emph on	\emph on
with	followed by
\emph default	\emph default
a	a
\series bold	\series bold
Line 3409 min,max	Line 3538 min,max
\end_inset	\end_inset

are the same.	are the same.
\begin_deeper	A significant figure specification of
\layout Comment	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

Confirm this.	3,4
\end_deeper	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	means both
	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

	1.30
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	and
	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

	1.300
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	are acceptable.
\layout Enumerate	\layout Enumerate

The	The
Line 3428 Finally, the	Line 3577 Finally, the
\series bold	\series bold
Hint	Hint
\series default	\series default
provides a place to help students who get the problem incorrect the first	should contain text which will help the students when they answer incorrectly.
time.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

Simple Numerical Response Answer	Simple Numerical Response Answer
Line 3471 Answer	Line 3619 Answer
\series bold	\series bold
Hint	Hint
\series default	\series default
has been set to something appropriate for this problem (unless this problem	has been set to something appropriate for this problem.
is being given to very young children).
Everything else has the default values from when the problem was created.	Everything else has the default values from when the problem was created.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Line 3488 View	Line 3635 View
yourself.	yourself.
Note the last box in the HTML page has the answer LON-CAPA is looking for	Note the last box in the HTML page has the answer LON-CAPA is looking for
conveniently displayed for you, along with the range the computer will	conveniently displayed for you, along with the range the computer will
accept and the number of significant digits the computer requires.	accept and the number of significant digits the computer requires when
	viewed by an
	\series bold
	Author
	\series default
	.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

As you're playing with the problem, if you use up all your tries or get	As you're playing with the problem, if you use up all your tries or get
Line 3525 A script consists of several	Line 3677 A script consists of several
\series bold	\series bold
statements	statements
\series default	\series default
, seperated by	, separated by
\series bold	\series bold
semi-colons	semi-colons
\series default	\series default
Line 3539 statement	Line 3691 statement


\series default	\series default
is the smallest kind of instruction to the computer you can give.	is the smallest kind of instruction to the computer.
Most problems will be built from several statements.	Most problems will be built from several statements.

\layout Standard	\layout Standard
Line 3563 comments	Line 3715 comments
very	very
\emph default	\emph default
good idea to adopt some sort of commenting standard, especially if you	good idea to adopt some sort of commenting standard, especially if you
are working in a group or others may use your problems in the future.	are working in a group or you believe other people may use your problems
\layout Standard	in the future.
	\layout Itemize

One of the simplest statements in LON-CAPA is a	One of the simplest statements in LON-CAPA is a
\series bold	\series bold
Line 3576 variable assignment	Line 3729 variable assignment
variable	variable
\series default	\series default
can hold any value in it.	can hold any value in it.
Simple values, such as a number or a string of text, start with a	The variable name must start with a
\series bold	\series bold
$	$
\series default	\series default
Line 3586 $	Line 3739 $
Script	Script
\series default	\series default
, you need to assign to variables before you use them.	, you need to assign to variables before you use them.
Put the program in Figure	Put this program into the
\begin_float fig
\layout LyX-Code
\align center
$variable = 3;
\layout Caption
\pextra_type 3 \pextra_widthp 40

A simple script with a variable
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{A simple script with a variable}

\end_inset


\end_float

\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{A simple script with a variable}

\end_inset

into the
\series bold	\series bold
Script	Script
\series default	\series default
field of the Numerical Response.	field of the Numerical Response:
This creates a simple variable named	\begin_deeper
	\layout LyX-Code

	$variable = 3;
	\layout Standard

	This creates a variable named
\series bold	\series bold
variable	variable
\series default	\series default
Line 3625 variable	Line 3764 variable

.	.
That's one statement.	That's one statement.
	\end_deeper
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Variable names are	Variable names are
Line 3637 case sensitive	Line 3777 case sensitive

\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Getting variable names right is a skill.
Variable names should not be too long, because they become easy to mistype.
Variable names should also not be too short, with the exception of some
conventionally short variable names we'll talk about later.
\layout Standard

There are many variable naming conventions, covering both how to name and	There are many variable naming conventions, covering both how to name and
how to capatalize variables	how to capitalize variables
\begin_float footnote	\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Line 3655 capsOnNewWords	Line 3789 capsOnNewWords
.	.
Some people use	Some people use
\family typewriter	\family typewriter
underscore_to_seperate_words	underscore_to_separate_words
\family default	\family default
.	.
Many use uppercase letters to specify constants like	Many use uppercase letters to specify constants like
Line 3672 GOLDEN_MEAN	Line 3806 GOLDEN_MEAN
StartWithCapatalization	StartWithCapatalization
\family default	\family default
.	.
What's really importent is to be consistent, so you don't have to guess	What's really important is to be consistent, so you don't have to guess
whether the variable you're thinking of is	whether the variable you're thinking of is
\family typewriter	\family typewriter
coefFriction	coefFriction
Line 3721 $variable	Line 3855 $variable
$variable2 = $variable + 2;	$variable2 = $variable + 2;
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Now there's a variable called	Now there is a variable called
\family typewriter	\family typewriter
$variable2	$variable2
\family default	\family default
with the value	with the the number
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

Line 3733 $variable2	Line 3867 $variable2
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

.	as its value.

\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Line 3784 stringVar	Line 3918 stringVar
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

If you are following this chapter as a tutorial, add the previous two lines	If you are following this chapter as a tutorial, add the previous two lines
and save the problem.	to your
	\series bold
	Script
	\series default
	and submit the changes for the problem.
There's no need to view it; there's still no visible change.	There's no need to view it; there's still no visible change.
\layout Subsubsection	\layout Subsubsection

Line 3882 Answer	Line 4020 Answer
This means you can compute an answer to a question, which we'll see in	This means you can compute an answer to a question, which we'll see in
a bit.	a bit.
If you set the answer of the question to be	If you set the answer of the question to be
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\series bold
\end_inset

$variable	$variable
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\series default
\end_inset	,

(without the quotes),
\series bold	\series bold
Save Changes	Save Changes
\series default	\series default
Line 3901 View	Line 4035 View
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

3	3.0
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

Line 3911 View	Line 4045 View
Calling Functions	Calling Functions
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

Now you've seen how to use variables and stuff, see how to call functions.	With variables, you can store strings or numbers.

	\series bold
	Functions
	\series default
	allow you to manipulate these strings or numbers.
	Functions work like mathematical functions: They take some number of arguments
	in, and return one argument, usually a number or a string for our purposes.
	There are a lot of functions available in LON-CAPA.
	You can see a complete list at http://mileva.lite.msu.edu/loncapadocs/homework/hom
	ework5.html.
	For now, let's just look at some simple examples.
	\layout Standard

	\begin_float fig
	\layout LyX-Code

	$a = -3.0;
	\layout LyX-Code

	$b = &sin($a);
	\layout LyX-Code

	$c = &pow(3.0, &abs($a));
	\layout Caption

	Some Function Calls
	\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Some Function Calls Figure}

	\end_inset


	\end_float
	In the
	\series bold
	Script
	\series default
	block, function names start with
	\series bold
	&
	\series default
	.
	Some example function calls are shown in figure
	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Some Function Calls Figure}

	\end_inset

	.
	You can see that functions can take either variables, numbers, or the results
	of other function calls as parameters.
	The
	\family typewriter
	&sin
	\family default
	function returns the sine of an angle expressed in radians.

	\family typewriter
	&pow
	\family default
	raises the first parameter to the power of the second parameter.

	\family typewriter
	&abs
	\family default
	returns the absolute value of the argument.
\layout Subsubsection	\layout Subsubsection

Randomization	Randomization
Line 3922 Randomization	Line 4120 Randomization

\layout Standard	\layout Standard

One of the most importent functions for LON-CAPA is the RANDOM function.	For LON-CAPA, one of the most important functions is the
	\family typewriter
	random
	\family default
	function.
	Random takes three parameters: a
	\emph on
	lower limit
	\emph default
	, an
	\emph on
	upper limit
	\emph default
	, and an
	\emph on
	interval
	\emph default
	.
	The
	\family typewriter
	&random
	\family default
	function returns a random value between the upper and lower limit, some
	integer number of
	\emph on
	interval
	\emph default
	's away from the lower limit.
	Thus, for example,
	\family typewriter
	&random(1,2,.2)
	\family default
	might return 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, or 2.

	\family typewriter
	&random
	\family default
	uses a uniform distribution.
	Other distributions are available in LON-CAPA, and can be found by consulting
	the function list.
	\layout Standard

	\begin_float fig
	\layout LyX-Code

	$a = &random(1.0,10.0,1.0);
	\layout LyX-Code

	$b = &random(-10.0, -3.0, 1.0);
	\layout LyX-Code

	$answer = $a+$b;
	\layout Caption

	Sample
	\family typewriter
	random
	\family default
	Calls
	\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Sample Random Calls figure}

	\end_inset


	\end_float
	If you put the script in figure
	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Sample Random Calls figure}

	\end_inset

	into the
	\series bold
	Script
	\series default
	block (replacing whatever contents might be in the block already), you'll
	get two random variables $a and $b.
	Now, in the
	\series bold
	Text Block
	\series default
	, put
	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

	What is $a plus $b?
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	, and in the
	\series bold
	Answer
	\series default
	put
	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

	$answer
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	, without the quotes for either of them.
	(It is a good idea to create a variable to hold the answer and call it
	$answer, or some other reasonably standard name.
	Do not try to compute the answer in the
	\series bold
	Answer
	\series default
	field itself; it will not work as you expect.) Now save the problem and

	\series bold
	View
	\series default
	it.
	You'll see a randomized problem.
	\layout Standard

	For each student, the same random number will be used each time they visit
	the problem, but each student will get different random numbers.
	For any but the simplest random problems, you'll want to see several random
	problems to make sure everything is working out correctly.
	This is what the
	\series bold
	Random Seed
	\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Random Seed}

	\end_inset


	\series default
	field is for.
	To see another randomized version of the problem you've just created, put
	another number into the
	\series bold
	Random Seed
	\series default
	field and hit
	\series bold
	Change
	\series default
	.
	It doesn't really matter what number you put into the field.
	But for any given
	\series bold
	Random Seed
	\series default
	with the same problem, you'll see the same randomized problem generated
	for you.
	(If you change the
	\series bold
	Script
	\series default
	, you are no longer guaranteed to get the same problem.)
	\layout Standard

	If you're doing this as a tutorial, try a few random seeds to see what happens.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

Dynamic, Randomized Problems: Putting It All Together	Dynamic, Randomized Problems: Putting It All Together
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

placeholder	Now you have all the tools to create those wonderful dynamic, randomized
	problems that you've seen in LON-CAPA.
	\begin_float fig
	\layout Standard
	\align center

	\begin_inset Figure size 476 197
	file numericalResponseSlopeProblem.eps
	width 3 80
	flags 9

	\end_inset


	\layout Caption

	Slope Problem Parameters
	\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Slope Problem Parameters Figure}

	\end_inset


	\end_float
	For example, try filling out your problem with the parameters shown in
	figure
	\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Slope Problem Parameters Figure}

	\end_inset

	.

	\layout Standard

	When creating randomized problems, you want to make sure that the problems
	always have an answer.
	Consider what might happen if I had chosen the two slopes
	\emph on
	both
	\emph default
	with the expression
	\family typewriter
	&random(-1.0,1.0,.2)
	\family default
	.
	One out of ten students would get a problem where both slopes were equal,
	which has either no solution (for unequal y-intercepts) or an infinite
	number of solutions (for equal slopes and y-intercepts).
	Both of these cause a division-by-zero error on the division that computes
	the answer.
	There are many ways to avoid this, one of the easiest of which is picking
	one slope negative and one positive.
	This same problem can show up in many other places, too, so be careful.
\layout Subsection	\layout Subsection

For More Information	Units, Format
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

It's always a good idea to look at other people's LON-CAPA problems, especially	Numerical Response problems can require units.
those from the same discipline as your problems, and see what they are	In the problem editing form, place the desired unit in the
doing.

\series bold	\series bold
Very often, the easiest way to create a new problem is to copy it and modify	Unit
the copy until it does what you need.

\series default	\series default
The more complicated a problem is, the more time you'll save by doing this.	field.
Also, you may find new ideas you can use and elaborate in your problems.	For information about what units the system accepts, see http://capa4.lite.msu.edu
\layout Comment	/demolibrary/Links/UnitsSymbolsT2.html.
	The computer will accept the answer in any of its accepted unit formats.
	For example, if the answer to a problem is
	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

Is there UI for this? Check.	1ft
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	, the computer will accept
	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

	12in
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	as correct.
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

The full power of the Perl is well outside the scope of this document.	Additionally, you can format the number displayed by the computer as the
Without going into the same level of detail as the previous examples, here's	answer.
some ideas to stimulate your imagination:	For instance, if the answer is one-third, the computer will display that
\layout Itemize	it computed
	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

Variable text.	.333333333
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\layout Itemize	\end_inset

Perl has several other data structures which might be of use.	as the answer.
You may wish to do one of the many simple Perl tutorials on the Web.	If you'd like to shorten that, you can use the
I recommend searching Google for	\series bold
	Format
	\series default
	field.
	Format strings like
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

perl tutorial	2e
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

.	(without the quotes) will display three significant digits in scientific
\layout Section	notation.
	Format strings like
	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

	2f
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	will display two digits after the decimal point.
	\layout Subsection

	For More Information
	\layout Standard

	The full power of Perl is well outside the scope of this document.
	Looking in the function list at
	\newline
	http://mileva.lite.msu.edu/loncapadocs/homework/homework5.html
	\newline
	can give you some ideas.
	O'Reilly has some good Perl books.
	The Perl 5 Pocket Reference will contain more than what you need to know
	to use LON-CAPA, available at
	\newline
	http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/perlpr3/ .
	\layout Standard

	If you have any problems, consult http://help.loncapa.org/fom/cache/5.html
	.
	If you don't find the answer to your problem, please help us expand the
	FAQ by submitting a new pending question.
	\layout Standard

	Our advanced users often come to prefer the XML interface for the problems,
	available through the
	\series bold
	EditXML
	\series default
	buttons.
	Covering the XML format is beyond the scope of this manual, but you can
	learn a lot by using the editor to make changes and seeing what happens
	to the XML.
	\layout Subsection

Formula Response	Formula Response
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Formula Response}	\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Formula Response}
Line 3983 Formula Response	Line 4447 Formula Response
\end_inset	\end_inset

Problems	Problems
\layout Section	\layout Standard

Additional Problem Components	\begin_float fig
\layout Standard	\layout Standard
	\align center

	\begin_inset Figure size 476 262
	file formulaResponse.eps
	width 3 80
	flags 9

	\end_inset


	\layout Caption

	Formula Response Problem
	\end_float
	Formula response problems asks the student to type in a formula as an answer.
	If the answer is
	\begin_inset Formula $ 2x^{2}+4 $
	\end_inset

Using the	, the student is allowed to type
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

Insert	2xx+4
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

menu that appears in many of the problem editors, a wide variety of different	,
things can be added to the problems.	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\layout Section	\end_inset

Things That Need To Be Added	xx + xx + 4
\layout Subsection	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

LON-CAPA and Units	,
\layout Subsection	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

Creating a default metadata file	2*x^2 + 14 - 10
\layout Subsection	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	, or any other equivalent expression.
	Formula Response problems have many of the same characteristics of Numerical
	Response problems, including the ability to run scripts, dynamically generate
	answers, etc.

	\layout Standard

	As you may know, it is extremely difficult to determine whether a given
	expression is exactly equal to another expression in general.
	For example, is
	\begin_inset Formula $ \sin 2x=2\sin x\cos x $
	\end_inset

My questions\SpecialChar \ldots{}	? Symbolically proving it one way or another is impossible in general.
	Therefore, LON-CAPA uses a sampling system.
	If your answer and the student's answer agree at the sampling points within
	your given tolerance factor, the student's answer will be accepted, otherwise
	it will be rejected.
	\layout Subsubsection

	Sampling Specifications
	\layout Standard

	To specify where to sample the formulas for determining whether the student's
	answer is correct, you need to put a sampling specification in the
	\series bold
	Sample Points
	\series default

	\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Sample Points}

	\end_inset

	field.
	The sampling specifications takes the following format:
	\layout Enumerate

	A comma separated list of the variables you wish to interpret,
	\layout Enumerate

	followed by
	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

	@
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	(not in quotes),
	\layout Enumerate

	followed by any number of the following two things, separated by semi-colons:
	\begin_deeper
	\layout Enumerate

	a comma separated list of as many numbers as there are variables, which
	specifies one sampling point, OR
	\layout Enumerate

	a comma separated list of as many numbers as there are variables, followed
	by a colon, followed by another list of as many numbers as there are variables,
	followed by a #, followed by an integer.
	\end_deeper
	\layout Standard

	The first form specifies one point to sample.
	The second form specifies a range for each variable, and the system will
	take as many random samples from that range as the number after the #.
	\layout Standard

	For
	\begin_inset Formula $ 2x^{2}+4 $
	\end_inset

	, with one variable
	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

	x
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	, one could specify
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

How do I do the things above?
	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

	x@2
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	, which will sample the answers only at 2.
	(This is generally a bad idea, as the student could get lucky and match
	at that point)
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

Is there any pre-existing documentation for number or formula problems?
	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

	x@1:5#4
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	will takes 4 samples from somewhere between 1 and 5.
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

Is there any pre-existing documentation for maps et al? I seem to have exhausted
the documentation.	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

	x@1:5#4;10
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	will takes 4 samples from somewhere between 1 and 5, and also sample at
	10.
	\layout Standard

	For
	\begin_inset Formula $ 2x^{2}+3y^{3} $
	\end_inset

	, which has two variables, one could specify
\layout Itemize	\layout Itemize

What is the LON-CAPA default resource? If it's free, can just anyone
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

find and use it	x,y@4,5:10,12#4;0,0
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

, or just	, which take four samples from the box determined by the points (4, 5) and
	(10, 12), and also sample the point (0, 0).
	\layout Subsubsection

	Formula Notes
	\layout Itemize

	The formula evaluator can not handle things of the form
\begin_inset Quotes eld	\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset	\end_inset

use it if they already know where it is	x + - y
\begin_inset Quotes erd	\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset	\end_inset

? (In other words, how powerful is the search feature?) What's the difference	.
between free and public?	If you have a random variable that may be positive or negative (as in the
\layout Section	example following this section), you can try wrapping the references to
	that variable in parenthesis.
	As always, it is a good idea to try out several randomized versions of
	your problems to make sure everything works correctly.
	\layout Itemize

Appendix A: Student Interface
	\series bold
	Never use relative tolerance in Formula Response problems.
	\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{tolerance, in formula response}

	\end_inset


	\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{relative tolerance, in formula response}

	\end_inset


	\series default
	Relative tolerance is poorly defined in Formula Response problems.
	Always use absolute tolerance.
	\layout Subsubsection

	Example Formula Response
\layout Standard	\layout Standard

	A very simple formula response problem:
	\layout Standard

	In the
	\series bold
	Script
	\series default
	, place the following:
	\layout LyX-Code

	$slope = &random(-5.0,5.0,.5);
	\layout LyX-Code

	$yint = &random(-5.0,5.0,.5);
	\layout LyX-Code

	$answer =
	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

	$slope*x + ($yint)
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset

	;
	\layout Itemize

	In the
	\series bold
	Text Block
	\series default
	, place the following:
	\begin_inset Quotes eld
	\end_inset

	For a line with slope $slope and y-intercept $yint, what is y equal to?
	\begin_inset Quotes erd
	\end_inset


	\layout Itemize

	In the
	\series bold
	Answer
	\series default
	, place the following: $answer
	\layout Itemize

	Set the Tolerance to .000001.
	\layout Itemize

	Set the
	\series bold
	Sample Points
	\series default
	to x@0,1,2,3 .
	\layout Comment

	TODO:
	\layout Comment

	* Get sampling problem figured out
	\layout Comment

	\SpecialChar ~

	\layout Comment

	\SpecialChar ~

	\newline
	\SpecialChar ~

	\layout Comment

	Appendix A: Student Interface
	\layout Comment

\begin_float fig	\begin_float fig
	\layout Standard
	\align center

	\begin_inset Figure size 152 353
	file studentInterface.eps
	flags 9

	\end_inset


\layout Caption	\layout Caption

Student Remote Control	Student Remote Control
Line 4060 The Student Remote Control will automati	Line 4777 The Student Remote Control will automati
a LON-CAPA course as a student.	a LON-CAPA course as a student.
The Student Remote Control contains most of the functions of the Author	The Student Remote Control contains most of the functions of the Author
Remote Control and the following additional functions.	Remote Control and the following additional functions.
\layout Itemize	\layout Comment


\series bold	\series bold
NAV (NAVIGATE CONTENTS)	NAV (NAVIGATE CONTENTS)
\series default	\series default
allows you to directly access resources from the course outline.	allows you to directly access resources from the course outline.
\layout Itemize	\layout Comment


\series bold	\series bold
ARROWS (LEFT and RIGHT)	ARROWS (LEFT and RIGHT)
\series default	\series default
allows you to move to the backward or forward through the course.	allows you to move to the backward or forward through the course.
\layout Itemize	\layout Comment


\series bold	\series bold
GRDS (MY GRADES)	GRDS (MY GRADES)
\series default	\series default
allows you to check your grades in the courses you are taking.	allows you to check your grades in the courses you are taking.
\layout Itemize	\layout Comment


\series bold	\series bold
SBKM (SET BOOKMARK)	SBKM (SET BOOKMARK)
\series default	\series default
allows you to bookmark pages for easy access.	allows you to bookmark pages for easy access.
\layout Itemize	\layout Comment


\series bold	\series bold
VBKM (VIEW BOOKMARK)	VBKM (VIEW BOOKMARK)
\series default	\series default
displays your bookmarks for easy access to bookmarked resources.	displays your bookmarks for easy access to bookmarked resources.
\layout Itemize	\layout Comment


\series bold	\series bold
ANOT (ANOTATE)	ANOT (ANOTATE)
\series default	\series default
allows you to create personal notes.	allows you to create personal notes.
\layout Itemize	\layout Comment


\series bold	\series bold
LOGOUT (LOGOUT)	LOGOUT (LOGOUT)
\series default	\series default
will log you out of the LON-CAPA system.	will log you out of the LON-CAPA system.
\layout Standard


\begin_inset LatexCommand \printindex{}

\end_inset


\the_end	\the_end

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